Thesis Análisis técnico y económico de vigas de madera compuestas
Loading...
Date
2026-07
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
El presente estudio desarrolla un análisis técnico-económico del comportamiento estructural de vigas de pino radiata reforzadas interfacialmente con Titanio Grado 2 y polímero reforzado con fibra de carbono (CFRP). El objetivo es evaluar su viabilidad como alternativas sustentables frente al acero estructural, optimizando la relación entre capacidad de carga, masa y costo financiero. La metodología integró métodos analíticos y simulaciones por Elementos Finitos (MEF) en Ansys Workbench, evaluando configuraciones planas y en U. Se acopló un modelo paramétrico de costos para alimentar algoritmos de optimización multiobjetivo mediante Frentes de Pareto, identificando así las dimensiones que maximizan el rendimiento mecánico con la mínima inversión. Los resultados demostraron que la simulación MEF es esencial para predecir el Estado Límite de Servicio (ELS) en vigas cortas, corrigiendo la subestimación analítica de las deflexiones. En la optimización técnico-económica, el CFRP dominó absolutamente el espacio de diseño. La variante plana de CFRP (6 capas) se consolidó como el óptimo económico global, soportando 134,20 kN con un Índice de Eficiencia Financiera de 0,61 kN/USD (un 45% superior a su equivalente en titanio). Para altas solicitaciones, el CFRP en U (6 capas) logró emular la resistencia de un perfil de acero A36 (172,66 kN frente a 170 kN), pero reduciendo la masa muerta en un 71%. Su Índice de Eficiencia Másica alcanzó 8,69 kN/kg, triplicando el rendimiento del acero (2,64 kN/kg). Se concluye que las vigas ligo-poliméricas constituyen una solución ingenieril superior al acero para obras con restricciones logísticas y de gálibo, mientras que el titanio resulta inviable comercialmente por sus altos costos.
This study develops a technical-economic analysis of the structural behavior of Radiata pine beams reinforced with Grade 2 Titanium and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The objective is to evaluate their viability as sustainable alternatives to structural steel by optimizing the relationship between load-bearing capacity, mass, and financial cost. The methodology integrated analytical methods (transformed-section method) and Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations in Ansys Workbench, evaluating both flat and “U-shaped” configurations. A parametric cost model was coupled with multi-objective optimization algorithms using Pareto Fronts, identifying the dimensions that maximize mechanical performance with minimal investment. Results demonstrated that FEM simulation is essential to predict the Serviceability Limit State (SLS) in short beams, correcting the analytical underestimation of deflections. In the technical-economic optimization, CFRP absolutely dominated the design space. The flat CFRP variant (6 layers) emerged as the global economic optimum, supporting 134,20 kN with a Financial Efficiency Index of 0,61 kN/USD (45% higher than its titanium equivalent). For high-load demands, the “U-shaped” CFRP (6 layers) managed to emulate the strength of an A36 steel profile (172,66 kN versus 170 kN), while reducing dead load by 71%. Its Mass Efficiency Index reached 8,69 kN/kg, tripling the performance of steel (2,64 kN/kg). It is concluded that timber-polymer beams constitute an engineering solution superior to steel for projects with logistical and clearance constraints, whereas titanium remains commercially unviable due to its high costs.
This study develops a technical-economic analysis of the structural behavior of Radiata pine beams reinforced with Grade 2 Titanium and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The objective is to evaluate their viability as sustainable alternatives to structural steel by optimizing the relationship between load-bearing capacity, mass, and financial cost. The methodology integrated analytical methods (transformed-section method) and Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations in Ansys Workbench, evaluating both flat and “U-shaped” configurations. A parametric cost model was coupled with multi-objective optimization algorithms using Pareto Fronts, identifying the dimensions that maximize mechanical performance with minimal investment. Results demonstrated that FEM simulation is essential to predict the Serviceability Limit State (SLS) in short beams, correcting the analytical underestimation of deflections. In the technical-economic optimization, CFRP absolutely dominated the design space. The flat CFRP variant (6 layers) emerged as the global economic optimum, supporting 134,20 kN with a Financial Efficiency Index of 0,61 kN/USD (45% higher than its titanium equivalent). For high-load demands, the “U-shaped” CFRP (6 layers) managed to emulate the strength of an A36 steel profile (172,66 kN versus 170 kN), while reducing dead load by 71%. Its Mass Efficiency Index reached 8,69 kN/kg, tripling the performance of steel (2,64 kN/kg). It is concluded that timber-polymer beams constitute an engineering solution superior to steel for projects with logistical and clearance constraints, whereas titanium remains commercially unviable due to its high costs.
Description
Keywords
Materiales compuestos, Vigas de madera, Refuerzo estructural, Titanio, Fibra de carbono, Análisis estructural, Viabilidad económica, Elementos finitos, Optimización mecánica
