Thesis Evaluación de las redes de aguas servidas, mediante el proceso de teleinspección
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Date
2024-09
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Magíster en Gestión del Agua – Master of Water Management
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
Nuestro país así como en varios países desarrollados, que cuentan con altas coberturas de saneamiento desde mediados del siglo pasado, están en una etapa crítica en lo referido a poder mantener la continuidad y calidad de los servicios prestados en los próximos años, esto porque un porcentaje importante de las redes de alcantarillado está llegando o ya sobrepasó su vida útil, y la solución de una reposición a gran escala es complejo de implementar, ya sea por los altos costos que esto involucra, y por lo complejo que representa una intervención a las ciudades, en el proceso de renovación, por lo que es prioritario poder enfocar los recursos en forma eficiente, determinando que tramos de una red de alcantarillado deben ser teleinspeccionadas, para establecer en qué condición se encuentran, y concluir si estas requieren ser renovadas o sujetas a un mantenimiento correctivo.
Es en esta definición de intervención a la red, basados en datos topológicos y de teleinspecciones realizadas bajo una metodología internacional, como es la metodología NASSCO, que en varios países vieron el beneficio de tomar esta información y aplicar metodologías estadísticas, para determinar que nuevos tramos deben ser teleinspeccionados, esto por tener una mayor probabilidad de falla en el futuro, al calificar con niveles estructurales que indican una peor condición. Con el objetivo de replicar la experiencia internacional en esta materia, se trabajó en este estudio con información generada para determinar el estado de las redes de alcantarillado, Estudio de Aguas Ajenas realizado por la empresa Suralis en el año 2023-2024, en 4 localidades del sur de Chile, en donde se aplicó la metodología NASSCO a tramos que fueron seleccionados bajo un muestreo aleatorio simple, esto con el fin de tener una representación del estado estructural en cada una de las 4 localidades.
Al considerar la información topológica de la red de alcantarillado y de las teleinspecciones realizadas en las 4 localidades, para poder determinar el estado estructural de cada tramo de la red, se aplicó una de las metodologías estadísticas recomendadas, que corresponde a la regresión logística. Del análisis del modelo utilizado en las 4 localidades, se puede concluir que en 2 de ellas la predicción del modelo de regresión logísticas se ajustó muy bien a la falla real, y en las otras 2 el comportamiento no fue el esperado. Es decir, con la poca información disponible ya fue posible predecir que nuevos tramos debiesen ser teleinspeccionados, esperando buenos resultados en 2 de las localidades.
Para concluir, dado que en Chile ya partió la obligatoriedad de ir teleinspeccionado cada año un porcentaje de la red, se propone en este estudio que las empresas sanitarias utilicen en el corto plazo metodologías estadísticas tomando la información topológica y de las teleinspecciones realizadas, para seleccionar de esta forma los nuevos tramos, permitiendo así ir enfocando de forma eficiente los recursos, en aquellos que tengan mayor probabilidad de falla.
Our country, as several developed countries which counts with high coverage sanitation since the middle of last century, is in a critical stage in terms of maintaining the continuity and quality of the services provided in the next years. This is because an important percentage of the sewer network is arriving or has already surpassed its lifespan. A large-scale replacement solution is complex to implement, whether it is the high costs involved or the difficulty that represents an intervention in the cities in the renovation process. Hence, it is a priority to focus the resources efficiently, determining which sections of a sewer network must be teleinspected, establishing what condition it is in, and concluding if they are required to be renewed or subject to corrective maintenance. Is in this definition of network intervention, based on topological data and teleinspections carried out under an international methodology, as the NASSCO methodology, that several counties evidence the benefit of taking that information and applying statistics methodologies to determine what new sections must be teleinspectioned. This is for having a higher probability of failure in the future when qualifying structural levels that indicates a worse condition. To replicate the international experience in this matter, it was worked in this study with information generated to determine the state of the sewer networks. This study -2024, in four localities in the south of Chile, where they applied the NASSCO methodology in sections that were selected under a random sampling to have a representation of the structural state of each of the four localities. Considering the topological information of the sewer network and the teleinspections carried out in the four localities to be able to determine the structural state of each section of the network, it was applied one of the statistical methodologies recommended, which corresponds to the logistical regression. From the analysis of the model used in the four localities, it can be concluded that in two of them, the prediction of the model of the logistical regression was adjusted positively to the real failure. In addition, in the other two localities, the behavior was not expected. That is to say, with the little information available it is possible to predict that new sections should be teleinspectioned, expecting positive results in two of the localities. To conclude, since Chile it already started the obligatoriness of teleinspected each year a percentage of the network, it is proposed in this study that sanitary companies use in short term statistics methodologies taking the topological information and from the carried out teleinspections, in order to select in this way the new sections, allowing focusing in an efficient way the resources in those that have more probability of failure.
Our country, as several developed countries which counts with high coverage sanitation since the middle of last century, is in a critical stage in terms of maintaining the continuity and quality of the services provided in the next years. This is because an important percentage of the sewer network is arriving or has already surpassed its lifespan. A large-scale replacement solution is complex to implement, whether it is the high costs involved or the difficulty that represents an intervention in the cities in the renovation process. Hence, it is a priority to focus the resources efficiently, determining which sections of a sewer network must be teleinspected, establishing what condition it is in, and concluding if they are required to be renewed or subject to corrective maintenance. Is in this definition of network intervention, based on topological data and teleinspections carried out under an international methodology, as the NASSCO methodology, that several counties evidence the benefit of taking that information and applying statistics methodologies to determine what new sections must be teleinspectioned. This is for having a higher probability of failure in the future when qualifying structural levels that indicates a worse condition. To replicate the international experience in this matter, it was worked in this study with information generated to determine the state of the sewer networks. This study -2024, in four localities in the south of Chile, where they applied the NASSCO methodology in sections that were selected under a random sampling to have a representation of the structural state of each of the four localities. Considering the topological information of the sewer network and the teleinspections carried out in the four localities to be able to determine the structural state of each section of the network, it was applied one of the statistical methodologies recommended, which corresponds to the logistical regression. From the analysis of the model used in the four localities, it can be concluded that in two of them, the prediction of the model of the logistical regression was adjusted positively to the real failure. In addition, in the other two localities, the behavior was not expected. That is to say, with the little information available it is possible to predict that new sections should be teleinspectioned, expecting positive results in two of the localities. To conclude, since Chile it already started the obligatoriness of teleinspected each year a percentage of the network, it is proposed in this study that sanitary companies use in short term statistics methodologies taking the topological information and from the carried out teleinspections, in order to select in this way the new sections, allowing focusing in an efficient way the resources in those that have more probability of failure.
Description
Keywords
Reglamentación sanitaria, Redes de alcantarillado, Teleinspección de tuberías