Thesis Pretratamiento de escoria de Codelco-DVEN usando microondas y lixiviación clorurada ácida en medio oxidante utilizando peróxido de hidrógeno
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Date
2023
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil de Minas
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
La escoria de cobre es un subproducto de la fundición de cobre que contiene una variedad de metales valiosos, como cobre, hierro, plomo y zinc, así como impurezas como sílice y alúmina. Para recuperar los metales valiosos de la escoria, se utilizan varios procesos, que incluyen la lixiviación, flotación y fusión. La elección del proceso depende de la composición de la escoria y del tipo de metales valiosos que se desean recuperar. Por lo general, es necesaria una reducción de tamaño para generar la liberación adecuada para la extracción, esto se debe a su matriz vítrea y poco porosa, que afecta la difusión de los reactivos para producir las reacciones químicas de la disolución de los metales de interés económico. El uso de nuevas tecnologías para aumentar las fracturas dentro de la matriz ayudaría con este objetivo, por lo que se propone un pretratamiento con radiación de microondas utilizando escorias con tamaño grueso (P80 igual a 2 pulgadas), que posteriormente a través de un enfriamiento brusco o temple, formaría microgrietas en el cuerpo de la escoria, para continuar con un pretratamiento químico en un medio NaCl-H2SO4 para disolver algunos sulfuros metálicos y terminar con una lixiviación clorurada en medio ácido sulfúrico, sin y con presencia de peróxido de hidrógeno, en la búsqueda de una extracción de cobre que haga viable el proceso planteado.
Se obtuvo que la extracción de cobre en las primeras 24 h aumenta en 0,9% Cu usando microondas. La adición de peróxido permite un aumento de 0,6% Cu sin microondas, la que es mucho menor a la de 1,7% Cu obtenida en la lixiviación convencional, mostrando el efecto del ácido sulfúrico a menores. Obteniendo finalmente una extracción de cobre de 9.3%, en un total de 11 días para el procedimiento con mejores resultado pretratamiento de temple, con curado y lixiviación clorurados en ambiente oxidativo, con un consumo total de 30 kg de peróxido de hidrogeno por tonelada de escoria.
Copper slag is a by-product of copper smelting that contains a variety of valuable metals, such as copper, iron, lead and zinc, as well as impurities such as silica and alumina. To recover the valuable metals from the slag, several processes are used, including leaching, flotation and smelting. The choice of process depends on the composition of the slag and the type of valuable metals to be recovered. Generally, size reduction is necessary to achieve proper liberation for improved extraction. This is due to its vitreous and poorly porous matrix, which affects the diffusion of reagents necessary for the chemical reactions to dissolve the economically valuable metals. The use of new technologies to increase fractures within the matrix would aid in this objective. Therefore, a pre-treatment with microwave radiation is proposed using coarse-sized slag (P80 equal to 2 inches), which would then be rapidly cooled or quenched to form micro-fractures within the slag body. This would be continued by a chemical pre-treatment in a NaCl-H2SO4 medium to dissolve some metallic sulfides, and, a chloride leaching in an acidic medium, with and without the presence of hydrogen peroxide, in search of a viable extraction of copper as envisioned in the process. It was obtained that the recovery in the first 24 hours increases 0.9% comparing only the use of microwaves and that the peroxide saw an increase of 0.6% and 1.6% compared to the process without microwaves and the one without microwaves with conventional leaching, respectively. Finally obtaining a copper recovery of 9.3%, in a total of 11 days for the procedure with better microwave pretreatment results, with chloride curing and chloride leaching in oxidative environment, with a consumption of 30 kg of hydrogen peroxide per ton of slag.
Copper slag is a by-product of copper smelting that contains a variety of valuable metals, such as copper, iron, lead and zinc, as well as impurities such as silica and alumina. To recover the valuable metals from the slag, several processes are used, including leaching, flotation and smelting. The choice of process depends on the composition of the slag and the type of valuable metals to be recovered. Generally, size reduction is necessary to achieve proper liberation for improved extraction. This is due to its vitreous and poorly porous matrix, which affects the diffusion of reagents necessary for the chemical reactions to dissolve the economically valuable metals. The use of new technologies to increase fractures within the matrix would aid in this objective. Therefore, a pre-treatment with microwave radiation is proposed using coarse-sized slag (P80 equal to 2 inches), which would then be rapidly cooled or quenched to form micro-fractures within the slag body. This would be continued by a chemical pre-treatment in a NaCl-H2SO4 medium to dissolve some metallic sulfides, and, a chloride leaching in an acidic medium, with and without the presence of hydrogen peroxide, in search of a viable extraction of copper as envisioned in the process. It was obtained that the recovery in the first 24 hours increases 0.9% comparing only the use of microwaves and that the peroxide saw an increase of 0.6% and 1.6% compared to the process without microwaves and the one without microwaves with conventional leaching, respectively. Finally obtaining a copper recovery of 9.3%, in a total of 11 days for the procedure with better microwave pretreatment results, with chloride curing and chloride leaching in oxidative environment, with a consumption of 30 kg of hydrogen peroxide per ton of slag.
Description
Keywords
Nuevas tecnologías, Radiación de microondas, Escoria, Cobre
