Thesis Desarrollo de un modelo de optimización para el problema de selección de pushbacks en minería a cielo abierto
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Date
2024-08
Authors
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Matemática
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La planificación de la producción a largo plazo en minería a cielo abierto se realiza tradicionalmente utilizando la metodología de pits anidados, cuyos fundamentos fueron establecidos en 1965 por Lerchs y Grossmann (LG). De un conjunto de pits anidados se genera un diseño de fases, esencial para el agendamiento de producción. Sin embargo, este diseño de fases presenta limitaciones: (i) el problema comúnmente conocido como gap problem, donde se generan grandes diferencias entre los tonelajes de fases consecutivas; y (ii) la falta de consideración del tiempo en esta definición, lo cual es un aspecto condicionante que debe incluirse en las siguientes etapas del agendamiento de producción de bloques.
En esta memoría, se presenta una extensión de la metodología tradicional de LG basada en pits anidados para generar una selección de fases basada en tres ideas: (i) nuevas familias de pits anidados parametrizadas por el límite de profundidad, (ii) incorporación de la dimensión temporal para generar nuevas familias de pits; y (iii) intersección de pits anidados tradicionales de LG con estos pits extendidos para ampliar aún más la base de selección. Además, se genera un modelo de selección automática de pushbacks para la búsqueda de planes de producción factibles. Una de las ventajas de este enfoque es la mejora en el proceso de selección de fases, aumentando las opciones para el diseño minero a cielo abierto, focalizando los esfuerzos de los planificadores mineros en etapas posteriores a la selección de pushbacks, reduciendo el tiempo empleado en esta tarea y generando planes de producción operativos.
Long-term production planning in open-pit mining is traditionally carried out using the nested pits methodology, whose fundamentals were established in 1965 by Lerchs and Grossmann (LG). A phase design is generated from a set of nested pits, which is essential for production scheduling. However, this phase design has limitations: (i) the commonly called gap problem, where large differences between the tonnages of consecutive phases are generated; and (ii) the lack of time consideration within this definition, which are highly conditioning aspects that must be included in the following stages of block production scheduling. This manuscript presents an extension of the traditional LG methodology based on nested pits to generate a phase selection based on three ideas: (i) new families of nested pits parameterized by depth limit, (ii) incorporation of the time dimension to generate new families of pits; and (iii) intersection of nested pits from the traditional LG methodology with these extended pits to further expand the selection base. Additionally, an automatic pushback selection model is generated to search for feasible production plans. One of the advantages of this approach is the improvement in the phase selection process, increasing options for open-pit mining design, focusing the efforts of mine planners on stages after the pushback selection, reducing the time spent on this task, and generating operational production plans.
Long-term production planning in open-pit mining is traditionally carried out using the nested pits methodology, whose fundamentals were established in 1965 by Lerchs and Grossmann (LG). A phase design is generated from a set of nested pits, which is essential for production scheduling. However, this phase design has limitations: (i) the commonly called gap problem, where large differences between the tonnages of consecutive phases are generated; and (ii) the lack of time consideration within this definition, which are highly conditioning aspects that must be included in the following stages of block production scheduling. This manuscript presents an extension of the traditional LG methodology based on nested pits to generate a phase selection based on three ideas: (i) new families of nested pits parameterized by depth limit, (ii) incorporation of the time dimension to generate new families of pits; and (iii) intersection of nested pits from the traditional LG methodology with these extended pits to further expand the selection base. Additionally, an automatic pushback selection model is generated to search for feasible production plans. One of the advantages of this approach is the improvement in the phase selection process, increasing options for open-pit mining design, focusing the efforts of mine planners on stages after the pushback selection, reducing the time spent on this task, and generating operational production plans.
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Keywords
Minería a tajo abierto, Algoritmo de Lerchs-Grossmann, Planificación de la producción