Implementación experimental de un algoritmo de control RPPT robusto frente a irradiancia variable y sombreado parcial en plantas fotovoltaicas conectadas a red

Abstract

Photovoltaic generation in modern power systems requires more flexible control solutions that allow not only maximum energy extraction but also the provision of ancillary services through active management of power reserves. This work presents a new Reserve Power Point Tracking (RPPT) algorithm for grid-connected photovoltaic systems, based on model predictive control (MPC) and adaptive global maximum power point (GMPP) estimation without requiring environmental sensors. The proposed approach integrates a lightweight operational dynamics observer to detect relevant changes in operating conditions, enabling the activation of voltage-sweep-based GMPP estimation routines only when necessary. In this way, unnecessary voltage sweeps and the associated power disturbances and computational effort are reduced, even under partial shading conditions (PSC). The proposed algorithm is validated through a controlled simulation case in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental tests under real environmental and grid conditions. The results demonstrate the functionality and adaptability of the proposed scheme under changes in power reserve requirements, irradiance variations, and partial shading, by determining the photovoltaic array voltage reference according to the required power reserve.