Thesis Caracterización de la flotabilidad de escorias de la División Chuquicamata
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Date
2024
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Metalúrgica
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
En el presente trabajo de investigación se ha estudiado la recuperación de cobre proveniente de las escorias producidas en la fundición de Codelco-Chuquicamata, en los equipos Horno Flash (H.F.) y Convertidor Peirce-Smith (C.P.S.), por medio de una etapa de concentración (flotación). Las escorias presentan una alta ley de cobre que va desde el 6,0% hasta los 9,5%, y actualmente se encuentran sujeta a una etapa de concentración que procesa las escorias en conjunto al mineral proveniente de la mina (M.P.M.), esto debido a problemas con la concentradora que estaba destinada a trabajar exclusivamente con escorias, por lo que el proceso no se encuentra diseñada para tal.
Para ello, se recaudó información de los parámetros con los cuales se trabaja actualmente la escoria en conjunto al M.P.M., y con la información obtenida se estableció que el parámetro de estudio que tiene mayor impacto para la recuperación de cobre proveniente de las escorias es la granulometría con la que esta ingresa a la etapa. Por lo que se diseña un plan de trabajo por medio de flotación batch para realizar la evaluación del estudio.
Los resultados de flotación batch demuestran que a una granulometría entre los 50 [μm] se tiene una recuperación aproximada del 83,68% de Cu, siendo esta la máxima recuperación de Cu, el cual se atribuye directamente a la recuperación de especias como “Calcosina” y “Bornita”, de 94,1% y 88,4% respectivamente, que son las especies mineralógicas con mayor abundancia (excluyendo las gangas no metálicas) y que además presentan una mayor recuperación. De esa forma se pudo establecer un modelo fenomenológico, en función a la ley de Cu de la escoria que ingresa a la concentradora, donde se obtiene las toneladas métricas finas de cobre recuperada y el porcentaje de recuperación de este, con un margen de error menor al 5%.
In this research work, the recovery of copper from the slag produced in the smelting stage of Codelco-Chuquicamata has been studied, for the Flash Furnace and Pierce-Smith Converter equipment, by means of a concentration stage (flotation), this mainly due to the high copper grade that these slags present, ranging from 6,0% to 9,5%, but which are currently subject to a concentration stage that processes the slags together with the ore from the mine, due to problems with the concentrator that was intended to work exclusively with slag, so the process is not designed for such. For this, information was collected regarding the parameters with which the division currently works, mainly for the concentration stage, and information regarding the slag produced in it. In this way, it was established that the study parameter that can have the greatest impact for the recovery of copper from the slag has been P80. Therefore, a work plan is designed by means of batch flotation to carry out the evaluation of the study. The batch flotation results show that at a granulometry between 50 [μm] there is an approximate recovery of 83.68% of Cu, this being the maximum recovery of Cu, which is directly attributed to the recovery of spices such as “Calcosina”.” and “Bornita”, of 94.1% and 88.4% respectively, which are the mineralogical species with the greatest abundance (excluding non-metallic gangues) and which also present a greater recovery. In this way, a mathematical predictive model could be established, based on the Cu grade of the slag that enters the concentrator, where the fine metric tons of copper recovered and the percentage of recovery of this are obtained, with a margin of error less than 5%.
In this research work, the recovery of copper from the slag produced in the smelting stage of Codelco-Chuquicamata has been studied, for the Flash Furnace and Pierce-Smith Converter equipment, by means of a concentration stage (flotation), this mainly due to the high copper grade that these slags present, ranging from 6,0% to 9,5%, but which are currently subject to a concentration stage that processes the slags together with the ore from the mine, due to problems with the concentrator that was intended to work exclusively with slag, so the process is not designed for such. For this, information was collected regarding the parameters with which the division currently works, mainly for the concentration stage, and information regarding the slag produced in it. In this way, it was established that the study parameter that can have the greatest impact for the recovery of copper from the slag has been P80. Therefore, a work plan is designed by means of batch flotation to carry out the evaluation of the study. The batch flotation results show that at a granulometry between 50 [μm] there is an approximate recovery of 83.68% of Cu, this being the maximum recovery of Cu, which is directly attributed to the recovery of spices such as “Calcosina”.” and “Bornita”, of 94.1% and 88.4% respectively, which are the mineralogical species with the greatest abundance (excluding non-metallic gangues) and which also present a greater recovery. In this way, a mathematical predictive model could be established, based on the Cu grade of the slag that enters the concentrator, where the fine metric tons of copper recovered and the percentage of recovery of this are obtained, with a margin of error less than 5%.
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Keywords
Recuperación del cobre, Metales de desecho, Balance metalúrgcio
