Thesis Modificación de una unidad de control motriz (ECU) original para obtener una mayor potencia y torque sin afectar el consumo de combustible de un vehículo propulsado por motor a gasolina
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Date
2023-05
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
En este estudio se busca poder mejorar la eficiencia de un motor de combustión interna a gasolina turbo alimentado mediante la reprogramación de la unidad de control motor (ECU), aumentando sus valores de potencia y torque disminuyendo el consumo de combustible, además, analizar el comportamiento de los gases de escape. La computadora del vehículo es la encargada de controlar parámetros ligados a la operación del motor, mediante la lectura de información por sensores controla el funcionamiento de actuadores. Los parámetros de mayor importancia que fueron modificados corresponden a presión de turbo, avance de chispa y relación aire combustible. Para cuantificar los aumentos logrados, se debe establecer una línea base, midiendo las variables en la condición inicial del vehículo para luego ser comparados con la condición del archivo modificado montado en la centralita. Para esto se monta el vehículo de pruebas en un freno dinamométrico de chasis para encontrar las curvas de potencia y torque, además de realizar ciclos de conducción para la medición del consumo de combustible gravimétrico y las concentraciones de gases de escape para su condición inicial y luego con el archivo modificado.
Las ganancias obtenidas se resumen en un aumento del 18 % en la potencia, cuya línea base contaba con 103 [KW] a 5520 RPM alcanzando un total de 122 [KW] a 5695 RPM. El torque se vio influenciado en un aumento del 26 %, cuya línea base contaba con 197 [Nm] a 4145 RPM alcanzando un total de 249 [Nm] a 4535 RPM.
Por su lado el consumo de combustible se vio influenciado de manera positiva, puesto que se disminuyó en un 7 % el consumo de combustible por cada ciclo de conducción desarrollado. Para el caso baso el vehículo utilizaba un total de 8,4 kilómetros por litro, alcanzando un nuevo consumo de 9,1 kilómetros por litro.
Las concentraciones de gases de escape se vieron influenciadas de manera positiva debido a la mejor eficiencia en la combustión desarrollada. La concentración del porcentaje de volumen de monóxido de carbono disminuyó un 95 %, al igual que la disminución de los hidrocarburos en ppm de volumen en un 94 %. Por otro lado, la concentración de dióxido de carbono aumentó un 4 % en el porcentaje de volumen. La lectura de la relación aire combustible mejoró, manteniéndose más cercano al valor estequiométrico de quema total de combustible, aumentando un 2 %. La concentración de los NOx aumentó un 132 % en ppm del volumen mientras que la concentración de oxígeno disminuyó un 4 % en el porcentaje de volumen.
This study seeks to improve the efficiency of a turbocharged gasoline internal combustion engine by reprogramming the engine control unit (ECU), increasing its power and torque values, decreasing its fuel consumption, in addition to analyzing the behavior of exhaust gases. The vehicle's computer oversees controlling parameters linked to the operation of the engine, by reading information from sensors it controls the operation of actuators. The most important parameters that were modified correspond to turbo pressure, spark advance and fuel air ratio. To quantify the increases achieved, a baseline must be established, measuring the variables in the initial condition of the vehicle to later be compared with the condition of the modified file mounted on the control unit. The test vehicle is mounted on a chassis brake dynamometer to find the power and torque curves, as well as drive cycles for the measurement of gravimetric fuel consumption and exhaust gas concentrations for its initial condition and then with the modified file. The gains obtained are summarized in a 20% increase in power, whose baseline had 107 [KW] reaching a total of 128 [KW], the torque was influenced by an increase of 25%, whose baseline had 198 [Nm] reaching a total of 248 [Nm]. For its part, fuel consumption was positively influenced, since fuel consumption was reduced by 7% for each driving cycle developed. For the base case, the vehicle used a total of 8,4 kilometers per liter, reaching a new consumption of 9,1 kilometers per liter. The exhaust gas concentrations were positively influenced due to the better combustion efficiency developed. Carbon monoxide volume percent concentration decreased by 95 %, as did hydrocarbons in volume ppm decrease by 94 %. On the other hand, the concentration of carbon dioxide increased by 4 % in volume percentage. The air fuel ratio reading improved, staying closer to the stoichiometric value of total fuel combustion, increasing by 2 %. The NOx concentration increased by 132 % on a volume ppm basis while the oxygen concentration decreased by 4 % on a volume percent basis.
This study seeks to improve the efficiency of a turbocharged gasoline internal combustion engine by reprogramming the engine control unit (ECU), increasing its power and torque values, decreasing its fuel consumption, in addition to analyzing the behavior of exhaust gases. The vehicle's computer oversees controlling parameters linked to the operation of the engine, by reading information from sensors it controls the operation of actuators. The most important parameters that were modified correspond to turbo pressure, spark advance and fuel air ratio. To quantify the increases achieved, a baseline must be established, measuring the variables in the initial condition of the vehicle to later be compared with the condition of the modified file mounted on the control unit. The test vehicle is mounted on a chassis brake dynamometer to find the power and torque curves, as well as drive cycles for the measurement of gravimetric fuel consumption and exhaust gas concentrations for its initial condition and then with the modified file. The gains obtained are summarized in a 20% increase in power, whose baseline had 107 [KW] reaching a total of 128 [KW], the torque was influenced by an increase of 25%, whose baseline had 198 [Nm] reaching a total of 248 [Nm]. For its part, fuel consumption was positively influenced, since fuel consumption was reduced by 7% for each driving cycle developed. For the base case, the vehicle used a total of 8,4 kilometers per liter, reaching a new consumption of 9,1 kilometers per liter. The exhaust gas concentrations were positively influenced due to the better combustion efficiency developed. Carbon monoxide volume percent concentration decreased by 95 %, as did hydrocarbons in volume ppm decrease by 94 %. On the other hand, the concentration of carbon dioxide increased by 4 % in volume percentage. The air fuel ratio reading improved, staying closer to the stoichiometric value of total fuel combustion, increasing by 2 %. The NOx concentration increased by 132 % on a volume ppm basis while the oxygen concentration decreased by 4 % on a volume percent basis.
Description
Keywords
Unidad de control motriz, Motores de combustión interna, Reprogramación