Thesis Movilidad cotidiana y género en viviendas sociales. El caso de villa Cumbres de Chile, Viña del Mar
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Date
2024-07
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Arquitectura
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Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Los subsidios habitacionales buscan dar solución al déficit existente y son promovidos como instrumentos de integración social y planificación urbana. Sin embargo, han tenido como resultado una homogeneidad socioeconómica en el uso del suelo. En este contexto, el estudio de movilidad cotidiana con enfoque de género busca analizar y evaluar la efectividad de estos programas, específicamente en Viña del Mar, Chile. Desde esta perspectiva se puede visibilizar cómo las estructuras sociales predominantes afectan, diariamente, a las personas según su género y otros factores sociales.
El estudio se centra en el conjunto habitacional DS49 Villa Cumbres de Chile, situado en la cima y periferia del cerro Forestal en Viña del Mar. Este proyecto se desarrolló con el objetivo de dar respuesta habitacional progresiva a familias del campamento Parcela 11, el segundo más grande en superficie y el tercero con más familias de la ciudad. La particularidad del conjunto es que se encuentra adyacente al campamento, por lo que el cambio territorial no fue abrupto. No hubo mayores problemas de adaptación pues ya conocían las características del sector y pudieron mantenerse las redes de apoyo establecidas.
Para realizar la investigación se hace una etnografía multisituada a 4 residentes de la villa. En su construcción, se considera cómo el género y su intersección con otras características pueden condicionar y determinar la movilidad de las personas. La información se obtiene mediante el sombreo a un día representativo de la rutina y entrevistas que exploran prácticas de movilidad y sus vínculos con la vida cotidiana.
Los resultados de la investigación revelan cómo el género y la ubicación periférica de la vivienda sí condicionan y determinan la movilidad cotidiana. Las labores reproductivas recaen principalmente en las mujeres y deben invertir tiempo y trabajo para cumplirlas, aumentando también la carga mental. Superponiendo otros factores como edad, nivel de ingresos, capacidades físicas u otros, se visibilizan aún más los efectos de las desigualdades sistémicas. Estas consecuencias se reflejan también a nivel espacial, existiendo una concentración de servicios en el centro -plan- de la ciudad y una mala red de transporte público, dificultando su acceso. Los factores sociales, largas distancias y falta de tiempo dificultan la reproducción social, impactando directamente en la calidad de vida y movilidad cotidiana.
Housing subsidies aim to address the existing housing deficit and are promoted as instruments of social integration and urban planning. However, they have resulted in socioeconomic homogeneity in land use. In this context, the daily mobility study utilizes a gender-focused approach to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of these programs, specifically in Viña del Mar, Chile. From this perspective, it is possible to visualize how predominant social structures affect people daily according to their gender and other social factors. The study focuses on the DS49 Villa Cumbres de Chile housing complex, located at the top and periphery of Cerro Forestal in Viña del Mar. This project was developed with the objective of providing progressive housing solutions to families from Campamento Parcela 11, the second largest in terms of area and the third with the most families in the city. The peculiarity of the complex is that it is adjacent to the camp, so the territorial change was not abrupt. There were no major adaptation problems as they already knew the characteristics of the sector and were able to maintain the established support networks. To carry out the research, a multi-sited ethnography is conducted with 4 villa residents. In its construction, it is considered how gender and its intersection with other characteristics can condition and determine people’s mobility. Information is obtained through shadowing a representative day of the routine and interviews that explore mobility practices and their links with daily life. The research results reveal how gender and the peripheral location of housing do condition and determine daily mobility. Reproductive tasks fall mainly on women, and they must invest time and work to fulfill them, also increasing their mental load. Overlapping other factors such as age, income level, physical abilities, or others, the effects of systemic inequalities are further highlighted. These consequences are also reflected at the spatial level, with a concentration of services in the center - plan - of the city and a poor public transportation network, making access difficult. Social factors, long distances, and lack of time hinder social reproduction, directly impacting the quality of life and daily mobility.
Housing subsidies aim to address the existing housing deficit and are promoted as instruments of social integration and urban planning. However, they have resulted in socioeconomic homogeneity in land use. In this context, the daily mobility study utilizes a gender-focused approach to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of these programs, specifically in Viña del Mar, Chile. From this perspective, it is possible to visualize how predominant social structures affect people daily according to their gender and other social factors. The study focuses on the DS49 Villa Cumbres de Chile housing complex, located at the top and periphery of Cerro Forestal in Viña del Mar. This project was developed with the objective of providing progressive housing solutions to families from Campamento Parcela 11, the second largest in terms of area and the third with the most families in the city. The peculiarity of the complex is that it is adjacent to the camp, so the territorial change was not abrupt. There were no major adaptation problems as they already knew the characteristics of the sector and were able to maintain the established support networks. To carry out the research, a multi-sited ethnography is conducted with 4 villa residents. In its construction, it is considered how gender and its intersection with other characteristics can condition and determine people’s mobility. Information is obtained through shadowing a representative day of the routine and interviews that explore mobility practices and their links with daily life. The research results reveal how gender and the peripheral location of housing do condition and determine daily mobility. Reproductive tasks fall mainly on women, and they must invest time and work to fulfill them, also increasing their mental load. Overlapping other factors such as age, income level, physical abilities, or others, the effects of systemic inequalities are further highlighted. These consequences are also reflected at the spatial level, with a concentration of services in the center - plan - of the city and a poor public transportation network, making access difficult. Social factors, long distances, and lack of time hinder social reproduction, directly impacting the quality of life and daily mobility.
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Keywords
Arquitectura y sociedad, Viviendas sociales, Movilidad cotidiana, Roles de género
