Thesis Evaluación experimental de la operación de un gasificador de residuos sólidos urbanos
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Date
2021-08
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
En el marco del proyecto FIC-R 2017 “Reducción de residuos sólidos urbanos con recuperación energética: valorización distribuida, tecnología y desarrollo comunitario”, se desarrolló la tecnología de un gasificador rotatorio inclinado de medios porosos inertes, el cual, utilizando residuos sólidos urbanos como combustible, y buscando dar soluciones a grandes problemáticas ambientales y sociales que afectan hoy en día a diversas localidades del país, como lo es el tratamiento de residuos.
En un contexto de pandemia, se trabajó en finalizar el montaje, la puesta en marcha y operación del gasificador rotatorio inclinado utilizando plástico tipo HDPE y PET, algodón, cartón y papel blanco como combustible. Se variaron diversos parámetros de operación, como lo es la rotación, la inclinación, los flujos de premezcla y la composición de la carga, estudiando como afectaba cada uno de estos a la operación del gasificador, y su influencia en los perfiles térmicos registrados, la velocidad del frente de llama y el comportamiento de la presión en las diferentes líneas a lo largo de los ensayos. Se observaron los desechos producidos por cada uno de los materiales gasificados.
Dentro de todos los ensayos, las mayores temperaturas, y las más estables, se alcanzaron al gasificar HDPE, con una velocidad de filtración de 40 [cm/s]. En general, el HDPE demostró ser un combustible, teniendo un comportamiento idóneo, desde el momento de la trituración hasta la generación eléctrica. Sin embargo, sus inconvenientes son los desechos que genera, ya que parte del material decanta en estado líquido hacia el fondo del gasificador, para posteriormente solidificarse y cohesionar las esferas. En el análisis de cromatografía se observaron trazas de hidrógeno y monóxido de carbono, lo cual comprueba la generación de Syngas, el cual fue posteriormente puesto a prueba al acoplar el gasificador rotatorio inclinado a una unidad de generación eléctrica.
Within the project FIC-R 2017 “Municipal solid waste reduction with energy recover: distribute valorization, technology and communal development”, the technology of rotary bend gasifier was developed, utilizing municipal solid waste as fuel, and looking for solution to environmental and social huge difficulties that affect nowadays to various zone of the country, as it is the waste treatment. On a pandemic context, main works were complete the assembly, start-up, and the operation of the rotary bend gasifier, using HDPE and PET plastic, White paper, cardboard and cotton as a fuel. Various parameters were changed on the operation, as it is rotation, inclination, mixture Flow and charge composition, studying as they affect each one pn the gasifier operation, and theirs influence on thermic profile, flame front velocity and the pressure behavior on the different lines. The garbage produce for each gasified material was studied. Between all the test, highest and stables temperatures were reached on HDPE gasification, with a 40 [cm/s] filtration velocity. HDPE demonstrated an acceptable behavior as a fuel, having an appropriate performance since the moment of grind until the electrical generation. However, an inconvenience is the garbage that it produces, which pour in a liquid phase until the bottom of the gasifier, solidifying and unite the sphere. On the chromatography analysis, trace of hydrogen and carbon monoxide were observed, which prove the Syngas generation, which afterwards was tested on the connection between the rotary bend gasifier and an electrical generation unity.
Within the project FIC-R 2017 “Municipal solid waste reduction with energy recover: distribute valorization, technology and communal development”, the technology of rotary bend gasifier was developed, utilizing municipal solid waste as fuel, and looking for solution to environmental and social huge difficulties that affect nowadays to various zone of the country, as it is the waste treatment. On a pandemic context, main works were complete the assembly, start-up, and the operation of the rotary bend gasifier, using HDPE and PET plastic, White paper, cardboard and cotton as a fuel. Various parameters were changed on the operation, as it is rotation, inclination, mixture Flow and charge composition, studying as they affect each one pn the gasifier operation, and theirs influence on thermic profile, flame front velocity and the pressure behavior on the different lines. The garbage produce for each gasified material was studied. Between all the test, highest and stables temperatures were reached on HDPE gasification, with a 40 [cm/s] filtration velocity. HDPE demonstrated an acceptable behavior as a fuel, having an appropriate performance since the moment of grind until the electrical generation. However, an inconvenience is the garbage that it produces, which pour in a liquid phase until the bottom of the gasifier, solidifying and unite the sphere. On the chromatography analysis, trace of hydrogen and carbon monoxide were observed, which prove the Syngas generation, which afterwards was tested on the connection between the rotary bend gasifier and an electrical generation unity.
Description
Keywords
Gasificador rotario inclinado, Tratamiendo de desechos urbanos, Gestión ambiental
