Publication: MODELO DE ANÁLISIS DEL IMPACTO SOCIAL DE LA CIRCULACIÓN DE VEHÍCULOS DE CARGA EN COMUNAS DEL GRAN SANTIAGO
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Date
2015-11
Authors
PUGA FIERRO, PAULO CÉSAR
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Abstract
La congestión vehicular es un tema de preocupación nacional en los días en el que la infraestructura vial se ve sobrepasada por el aumento permanente del parque automotriz. Dentro de este flujo vehicular, los camiones de carga representan sólo el 6% de los vehículos a nivel nacional; aun así, es una pequeña fracción que refleja el crecimiento económico del país. Sin embargo, el tránsito de este tipo de vehículos no sólo indica el movimiento de mercancías y productividad, sino que también conlleva una serie de variables sin tratar que implican costos hacia la sociedad y el Estado.
De acuerdo a variables de congestión (flujo vehicular), contaminación (CO y CO2), inversión vial y capital humano (mortalidad en siniestros de tránsito), se presentan cifras alarmantes en términos de impacto social de más de 13 mil millones de pesos anuales en el Gran Santiago. En este alcance, Quilicura es la comuna que sugiere mayor preocupación, cuyo análisis de sensibilidad indica que el tiempo de circulación diario es la variable más influyente del modelo (con un 79%), alcanzando un VAC de $155 mil millones en el período de evaluación cuando esta toma valor máximo (8 horas al día).
Los países desarrollados ya muestran altos niveles de gestión y preocupación en temas de congestión, contaminación e infraestructura vial; no sólo en pos del flujo de camiones, sino que del transporte en general. Proyectos como realizaciones de vías exclusivas para vehículos con más de dos pasajeros o transporte urbano, tarificación vial, redes de circulación sólo para el transporte de carga, entre otros; son muestras de que una buena gestión y políticas públicas en el transporte urbano conllevan en ideas o proyectos que podrían traer beneficios sociales y por ende productivos al país.
La implementación de un modelo de minimización de impacto social en Quilicura, donde se restringe el acceso entre las autopistas Vespucio Norte y Ruta 5 a vehículos de carga con un peso bruto vehicular mayor a 4,5 toneladas en horarios punta, genera beneficios sociales de 84 millones de pesos en 5 años de evaluación, para el caso más favorable; y más de 15 millones en el menos favorable.
El crecimiento económico no demuestra necesariamente un crecimiento como país si no se toman en cuenta las perspectivas de la sociedad. El ejercer políticas públicas en pos del bien social, es considerar ahorros futuros y productividad no perdida por el Estado. Sin duda, los altos índices de impacto social por circulación y acción del transporte de carga indican una inminente toma de medidas y gestión de políticas públicas al respecto; sin embargo, este tipo de mandatos no resultan ser eficientes si no se realiza una gestión a largo plazo que reúna todas las variables en su conjunto, lo incluye al transporte privado, transporte público, transporte de carga y la sociedad que los une.
Traffic congestion is an issue of national concern in the days where the road infrastructure is overwhelmed by the constant increase in the automotive park. Within this traffic flow, the trucks represent only 6% of the vehicles at national level; Still, it is a small fraction reflecting the country's economic growth. However, the transit of such vehicles not only indicates the movement of goods and productivity, but also involves a number of variables untreated generating costs to society and the state. According to variables of congestion (traffic flow), pollution (CO and CO2), road investment and human capital (mortality in traffic accidents), alarming figures are presented in terms of social impact of more than 13 billion pesos annually in Gran Santiago. In this scope, Quilicura is the commune suggesting greater concern, the sensitivity analysis indicates that the time of daily circulation is the most influential variable in the model (79% over the result), reaching a PWOC of $ 155 billion in the evaluation period when this rises to the maximum value (8 hours per day). Developed countries already show high levels of concern in management and issues of congestion, pollution and road infrastructure; not only towards the trucks traffic flow, but overall transport. Projects as high-ocuppancy vehicle lanes, road pricing and circulation networks only for freight transport, among others; are examples of good management and public policy on urban transport, involves ideas or projects that could bring social benefits to the country and thus productive. Implementing a model of minimizing social impact in Quilicura, where highway access between Vespucio Norte and Ruta 5 are restricted for freight vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of 4.5 tonnes during peak hours, it generates social benefits over 84 million in five years of evaluation, for the best case; and more than 15 million in less favorable. Economic growth does not necessarily indicate an increase or development as a country if you do not take into account the perspectives of society. Making public policies to achieve social good, it is to consider future savings and not lost productivity by the state. Undoubtedly, the high levels of social impact by freight transportation indicate to make impending decision and management of public policies in this regard; however, such mandates are not being efficient if a long-term management that meets all the variables together is performed, it includes private transportation, public transport, freight transport and the society that unites them.
Traffic congestion is an issue of national concern in the days where the road infrastructure is overwhelmed by the constant increase in the automotive park. Within this traffic flow, the trucks represent only 6% of the vehicles at national level; Still, it is a small fraction reflecting the country's economic growth. However, the transit of such vehicles not only indicates the movement of goods and productivity, but also involves a number of variables untreated generating costs to society and the state. According to variables of congestion (traffic flow), pollution (CO and CO2), road investment and human capital (mortality in traffic accidents), alarming figures are presented in terms of social impact of more than 13 billion pesos annually in Gran Santiago. In this scope, Quilicura is the commune suggesting greater concern, the sensitivity analysis indicates that the time of daily circulation is the most influential variable in the model (79% over the result), reaching a PWOC of $ 155 billion in the evaluation period when this rises to the maximum value (8 hours per day). Developed countries already show high levels of concern in management and issues of congestion, pollution and road infrastructure; not only towards the trucks traffic flow, but overall transport. Projects as high-ocuppancy vehicle lanes, road pricing and circulation networks only for freight transport, among others; are examples of good management and public policy on urban transport, involves ideas or projects that could bring social benefits to the country and thus productive. Implementing a model of minimizing social impact in Quilicura, where highway access between Vespucio Norte and Ruta 5 are restricted for freight vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of 4.5 tonnes during peak hours, it generates social benefits over 84 million in five years of evaluation, for the best case; and more than 15 million in less favorable. Economic growth does not necessarily indicate an increase or development as a country if you do not take into account the perspectives of society. Making public policies to achieve social good, it is to consider future savings and not lost productivity by the state. Undoubtedly, the high levels of social impact by freight transportation indicate to make impending decision and management of public policies in this regard; however, such mandates are not being efficient if a long-term management that meets all the variables together is performed, it includes private transportation, public transport, freight transport and the society that unites them.
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Keywords
TRANSPORTE DE CARGAS , VEHÍCULOS PESADOS , SANTIAGO