Publication: PROPUESTA DE MEJORA PARA GENERACIÓN ELÉCTRICA, MEDIANTE EL AUMENTO DE INYECCIÓN DE AIRE DE COMBUSTIÓN
Date
2019
Authors
VALENZUELA MÉNDEZ, PABLO FELIPE ANTONIO
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Abstract
En la industria energética es cada vez mas importante el desarrollo de nuevastecnologías y mejoras dentro del proceso para el aprovechamiento de los recursos,minimización costos y aumento de generación. El presente trabajo estudia laoportunidad de aumentar el aire secundario de inyección para la combustión mediantelos sistemas asociados, generando el aumento en la generación eléctrica.El trabajo se enfoca en el estudio de los equipos principales dentro del ducto de airesecundario como son: ventiladores de tiro forzado; pre-calentadores de aire a vapor; ycalentador de aire mediante gases de combustión. Para tal efecto se realizó laadquisición de parámetros de operación gracias a AES GENER.La metodología de trabajo desarrollada incluye un análisis particular de cada equipomediante los registros asociados a estos, con parámetros como temperaturas, caídas depresión, infiltraciones de aire, entre otros. Para luego ser comparadas con datos defuncionamiento ideales de estos y desarrollar hipótesis de lo que puede estarocurriendo. El sistema a estudiar inicia en los ventiladores centrífugos, quienes son losque aportan en aire necesario de inyección hacia la combustión. Posteriormente esteaire pasa a través del pre-calentador de aire a vapor, por el cual aumenta su temperaturaantes de ingresar al calentador de aire. Es en este ultimo equipo donde la temperaturadel aire de inyección aumenta drásticamente llegando cerca de los 230 [ºC], para mayoreficiencia en el ciclo.El análisis final propone el cambio del pre-calentador de aire, el cual incluye realizarmantención a los dos equipos restantes para de esta forma asegurar con mayor certezalos parámetros nominales de uso. La mejora propone un aumento del 4,9 % deinyección de aire, alcanzando aproximadamente los 202,8 [MW], representando unbeneficio de $142,6 [USD/H] y bajo condiciones ideales posee un retorno rápido.
In the energy industry it is increasingly important to develop new technologies andimprovements in the process for the use of resources, minimizing costs and increasinggeneration. The present work studies the opportunity to increase the secondaryinjection air for combustion through the associated systems, generating the increase inthe electrical generation.The work focused on the study of the main equipment inside the secondary air ductsuch as: forced draft fans; pre-heaters of steam air; and air heater using combustiongases. For this purpose, the acquisition of operating parameters was achieved thanks toAES GENER.The methodology of work developed includes a particular analysis of each equipmentthrough the records associated with them, with parameters such as temperatures,pressure drops, air infiltrations, among others. To then be compared with idealperformance data of these and develop hypotheses of what may be happening. Thesystem to be studied starts with the centrifugal fans, which are the ones that supply thenecessary injection air to the combustion. Subsequently this air passed through the preheaterof steam air, by which it increases its temperature before entering the air heater.It is in this last equipment where the temperature of the air of injection increasesdrastically arriving near the 230 [ºC], for greater efficiency in the cycle.The final analysis proposes the change of the air preheater, which includes carrying outthe maintenance of the two remaining equipment in order to ensure with greatercertainty the nominal parameters of use. The improvement proposes an increase of4.9% in air injection, reaching approximately 202.8 [MW], representing a benefit of $142.6 [USD/H] and under ideal conditions has a rapid return.
In the energy industry it is increasingly important to develop new technologies andimprovements in the process for the use of resources, minimizing costs and increasinggeneration. The present work studies the opportunity to increase the secondaryinjection air for combustion through the associated systems, generating the increase inthe electrical generation.The work focused on the study of the main equipment inside the secondary air ductsuch as: forced draft fans; pre-heaters of steam air; and air heater using combustiongases. For this purpose, the acquisition of operating parameters was achieved thanks toAES GENER.The methodology of work developed includes a particular analysis of each equipmentthrough the records associated with them, with parameters such as temperatures,pressure drops, air infiltrations, among others. To then be compared with idealperformance data of these and develop hypotheses of what may be happening. Thesystem to be studied starts with the centrifugal fans, which are the ones that supply thenecessary injection air to the combustion. Subsequently this air passed through the preheaterof steam air, by which it increases its temperature before entering the air heater.It is in this last equipment where the temperature of the air of injection increasesdrastically arriving near the 230 [ºC], for greater efficiency in the cycle.The final analysis proposes the change of the air preheater, which includes carrying outthe maintenance of the two remaining equipment in order to ensure with greatercertainty the nominal parameters of use. The improvement proposes an increase of4.9% in air injection, reaching approximately 202.8 [MW], representing a benefit of $142.6 [USD/H] and under ideal conditions has a rapid return.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
CALDERAS , CENTRALES TERMOELECTRICAS , GENERACION ELECTRICA , INYECCION DE AIRE