Thesis METODOLOGÍA DE INSPECCIÓN DE CAMINOS NO PAVIMENTADOS A TRAVÉS DE UN SISTEMA DE CÁMARAS DE BAJO COSTO
Date
2019
Authors
CHAVARRÍA FLORES, CRISTÓBAL ANDRÉS
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Abstract
Al año 2016, la red nacional administrada por la Dirección de Vialidad del Ministerio de Obras Públicas (MOP) se contabilizaba en 82.133,78 km, de los cuales 48.971,00 km corresponden a vías no pavimentadas de (tierra y ripio), equivalentes al 59,6% de la red. Estas vías no pavimentadas tienen una gran importancia en la conectividad nacional, además de tener un gran uso en tres de las principales actividades económicas del país (minera, forestal y agrícola), por lo que su estado superficial repercute en gran medida en la conectividad y en los costos globales de la economía nacional.En el año 2014, el Ministerio de Obras Públicas estableció una metodología para la evaluación superficial del estado de vías no pavimentadas que se plasmó en el desarrollo del indicador “Indicé de Condición de Caminos No Pavimentado” (ICNP), con el que se podría clasificar objetivamente el estado del camino considerando la evaluación en terreno de sus seis deterioros/factores más preponderantes. Pero, debido a la gran cantidad de km de vías no pavimentadas, surgió la idea de hacer la inspección aún más expedita, segura y confiable. Es por esta razón que se elaboró una metodología alternativa de inspección utilizando un sistema de cámaras georreferenciadas de alta definición.Se realizaron 60 mediciones de ICNP repartidos en cuatro regiones centrales del país, obteniendo los deterioros/factores medidos en terreno junto con la grabación de la unidad de muestra (U.M.). Con esta información, se elaboró la metodología para la determinación de valores de deterioros/factores a partir de la visualización de las imágenes mejoradas en su calidad de brillo y contraste. Posteriormente, se desarrolló un completo análisis estadístico comparativo entre los resultados de ambas metodologías (ICNPMOP vs ICNPCAM) evaluando que existiera una relación “1-1”, para luego realizar pruebas de reproducibilidad y repetitividad para su validación estadística.Finalmente, se presentó el uso del ICNPCAM para la determinación de “macroacciones” de mantención/rehabilitación necesarias a realizar a 12 U.M. medidas en esta investigación, con la finalidad de mejorar su condición actual a una idónea para un correcto tránsito vehicular.
By 2016, the Chilean national network managed by the Roads Department of the Ministry of Public Works (MOP, by its acronym in spanish) was 82,133.78 km, of which 48,971.00 km correspond to unpaved roads (earth and gravel), equivalent to 59.6% of the network. These unpaved roads have a great importance in national connectivity, besides having a great use in three of the main economic activities of the country (mining, forestry and agricultural), so their performance has a huge impact on connectivity and in the global costs of the national economy.In 2014, the Ministry of Public Works established a methodology for the superficial evaluation of the condition of unpaved roads that was reflected in the development of the indicator "Unpaved Road Condition Indicator" (ICNP, by its acronym in spanish), where the condition could be objectively classified considering the evaluation in the field of its six most important deteriorations / factors. But, due to the large number of kilometers of unpaved roads, the main goal was to carry out the inspection even more expeditious, safe and reliable arose. For this reason, an alternative inspection methodology was developed using a system of georeferenced high definition cameras.Sixty ICNP measurements were made in four central regions of Chile, obtaining the deteriorations / factors measured in the field together with the recording of the sample unit (U.M.). With this information, methodology was used to determinate objective values of deterioration / factors based on the visualization of the improved images in their brightness and contrast quality. Furthermore, a complete comparative statistical analysis was developed between the results of both methodologies (ICNPMOP vs ICNPCAM) evaluating the existence of a "1-1" relationship, and then performing reproducibility and repeatability tests for statistical validation.Finally, the use of the ICNPCAM was presented for the determination of maintenance / rehabilitation "macroactions" needed to be performed at 12 U.M. measures in this investigation, in order to improve the current condition to an ideal for proper vehicular traffic.
By 2016, the Chilean national network managed by the Roads Department of the Ministry of Public Works (MOP, by its acronym in spanish) was 82,133.78 km, of which 48,971.00 km correspond to unpaved roads (earth and gravel), equivalent to 59.6% of the network. These unpaved roads have a great importance in national connectivity, besides having a great use in three of the main economic activities of the country (mining, forestry and agricultural), so their performance has a huge impact on connectivity and in the global costs of the national economy.In 2014, the Ministry of Public Works established a methodology for the superficial evaluation of the condition of unpaved roads that was reflected in the development of the indicator "Unpaved Road Condition Indicator" (ICNP, by its acronym in spanish), where the condition could be objectively classified considering the evaluation in the field of its six most important deteriorations / factors. But, due to the large number of kilometers of unpaved roads, the main goal was to carry out the inspection even more expeditious, safe and reliable arose. For this reason, an alternative inspection methodology was developed using a system of georeferenced high definition cameras.Sixty ICNP measurements were made in four central regions of Chile, obtaining the deteriorations / factors measured in the field together with the recording of the sample unit (U.M.). With this information, methodology was used to determinate objective values of deterioration / factors based on the visualization of the improved images in their brightness and contrast quality. Furthermore, a complete comparative statistical analysis was developed between the results of both methodologies (ICNPMOP vs ICNPCAM) evaluating the existence of a "1-1" relationship, and then performing reproducibility and repeatability tests for statistical validation.Finally, the use of the ICNPCAM was presented for the determination of maintenance / rehabilitation "macroactions" needed to be performed at 12 U.M. measures in this investigation, in order to improve the current condition to an ideal for proper vehicular traffic.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ACTIVIDADES DE MANTENCION , ACTIVIDADES DE REHABILITACION , CAMINOS NO PAVIMENTADOS , DETERIOROS , ICNP , INSPECCION DE CAMINOS , PATRIMONIO VIAL , SISTEMA DE CAMARAS , SISTEMA DE GESTION VIAL
