Publication: ESTUDIO DE CORRIENTES INDUCIDAS POR EVENTOS TSUNAMIGÉNICOS: APLICACIÓN AL PUERTO DE SAN ANTONIO
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Date
2019
Authors
GAYTÁN ABARCA, ISADORA
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Abstract
La generación de tsunamis es un fenómeno que ha afectado la costa de muchos países a lo largo de los años y ha demostrado la vulnerabilidad de la infraestructura marítima a las corrientes inducidas por tsunami. Los efectos de estas corrientes han sido reportados desde diversos lugares, incluyendo Chile, donde ha roto espías de grandes embarcaciones y los ha llevado a la deriva en los puertos generando un peligro considerable. Por esta razón, las corrientes inducidas por tsunami representan un daño potencial importante y deben ser estudiadas.En el siguiente trabajo se presenta un estudio del comportamiento de corrientes marinas asociadas a tsunamis en Chile, analizándolas principalmente a través de velocidades. Este trabajo está enmarcado en una zona de interés portuario, por eso resulta significativo debido a que los daños por ocurrencia de tsunamis no se limitan solamente a eventos que puedan causar inundación, sino también a alturas de olas de tsunami que no alcanzan una magnitud considerable pero que aun así pueden producir deterioro en infraestructura.Para este efecto, se realizan simulaciones computacionales de distintos eventos históricos, y su aplicabilidad se relaciona con aspectos de tipo operacionales en uno de los principales puertos de Chile, el Puerto de San Antonio. El enfoque principal apunta a proveer la información necesaria para que pueda incluirse en protocolos de maniobras y rutas de evacuación de embarcaciones ante la ocurrencia de tsunamis. La implementación de este tipo de análisis es importante en estudios de peligro frente a tsunamis debido a que puede significar la diferencia entre que un puerto pueda seguir operando con normalidad o vea afectada la continuidad de su negocio.La herramienta principal utilizada para la simulación de corrientes inducidas por tsunamis es el software COMCOT (Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model), cuyos resultados se utilizan para realizar un análisis de peligro general en el puerto, mediante un estudio probabilístico, obteniendo mapas de probabilidad e incertidumbre asociadas.Los resultados de este estudio incluyen el análisis de la velocidad y vorticidad de corrientes inducidas por tsunami luego de la simulación de diez terremotos históricos de Chile, mapas de corriente umbral, mapas de actividad potencial para velocidades umbrales y un estudio probabilístico de las velocidades de corriente. Los resultados demuestran que las velocidades más significativas son del orden de 3 a 5 [m/s] y se deben a los terremotos de 1730, 1906 y 2015. Aunque en general, el Puerto de San Antonio presenta un comportamiento aceptable enfrentando corrientes inducidas por tsunamis, es decir, las velocidades frecuentemente no superan los mayores umbrales de peligro definidos.
The tsunami generation is a phenomenon that has afected the coast of many countries over the years and it has demonstrated the vulnerability of maritime infrastructure to tsunami induced currents. The effects of these currents have been reported in several locations, including Chile, where large ships broke free from mooring lines and drifted uncontrolled in the ports generating considerable danger. For this reason, tsunami induced currents represent a potential damage and must be studied.The study presents the behavior of marine currents associated to the tsunamis in Chile, analized in terms of flow velocities. It is located on a port zone, therefore the significant part of the study is that the damage of the tsunamis are not always because of the flood, it can also be because of hight waves that do not reach a considerable magnitude but still produce infrastructure damage.To this end, a series of computational simulations were performed for different historic events and its applicability is related with operational aspects of one of the most important ports in Chile, San Antonio’s Port. For this reason, the main focus of this study aims to provide necessary information to be included in safety protocols and ship evacuation routes in presence of tsunami. The implementation of this analysis is relevant in order to maintain port operability.The main analytic tool used to model tsunami induced currents is COMCOT (Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model). Model results are used to develop a general hazard analysis of the port, through a probabilistic study obtaining probability maps and associate uncertainty.The results of this study includes the analysis of velocity and vorticity of tsunami induced currents after the simulation of ten historic earthquakes from Chile, current threshold maps, potencial activity for threshold velocities maps and a probabilistic study of current’s velocities. The results demonstrate that the order of magnitude of significant velocities are 3 to 5 [m/s] and are due to the earthquakes of 1730, 1906 and 2015. San Antonio’s Port presents acceptable behavior facing up tsunami induced currents, that is, velocities usually don’t surpass higher defined danger thresholds.
The tsunami generation is a phenomenon that has afected the coast of many countries over the years and it has demonstrated the vulnerability of maritime infrastructure to tsunami induced currents. The effects of these currents have been reported in several locations, including Chile, where large ships broke free from mooring lines and drifted uncontrolled in the ports generating considerable danger. For this reason, tsunami induced currents represent a potential damage and must be studied.The study presents the behavior of marine currents associated to the tsunamis in Chile, analized in terms of flow velocities. It is located on a port zone, therefore the significant part of the study is that the damage of the tsunamis are not always because of the flood, it can also be because of hight waves that do not reach a considerable magnitude but still produce infrastructure damage.To this end, a series of computational simulations were performed for different historic events and its applicability is related with operational aspects of one of the most important ports in Chile, San Antonio’s Port. For this reason, the main focus of this study aims to provide necessary information to be included in safety protocols and ship evacuation routes in presence of tsunami. The implementation of this analysis is relevant in order to maintain port operability.The main analytic tool used to model tsunami induced currents is COMCOT (Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model). Model results are used to develop a general hazard analysis of the port, through a probabilistic study obtaining probability maps and associate uncertainty.The results of this study includes the analysis of velocity and vorticity of tsunami induced currents after the simulation of ten historic earthquakes from Chile, current threshold maps, potencial activity for threshold velocities maps and a probabilistic study of current’s velocities. The results demonstrate that the order of magnitude of significant velocities are 3 to 5 [m/s] and are due to the earthquakes of 1730, 1906 and 2015. San Antonio’s Port presents acceptable behavior facing up tsunami induced currents, that is, velocities usually don’t surpass higher defined danger thresholds.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ESTUDIO DE CORRIENTES , EVENTOS TSUNAMIGENICOS , PUERTO DE SAN ANTONIO