Publication: PRINCIPALES CAUSAS DE INTERFERENCIAS EN EL DESARROLLO DE PROYECTOS DE INFRAESTRUCTURA HOSPITALARIA
Date
2018
Authors
MONTECINOS HENRÍQUEZ, ADOLFO
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Abstract
En Chile, se está desarrollando una mejora del Sistema de Salud Pública a través de un intenso programa de construcción, habilitación, reposición y remodelación de la infraestructura hospitalaria, perteneciente al denominado “Plan Nacional de Inversiones Públicas” iniciado en 2014. A enero del 2018 ya se han entregado 22 hospitales, 22 están en construcción, mientras que 13 están en proceso de licitación y otros 18 en etapa de estudio y diseño.Una problemática frecuente que se ha observado durante la construcción de la mayoría de este tipo de proyectos, dice relación con las múltiples interferencias que modifican las condiciones informadas por el mandante durante el proceso de licitación, dando origen a modificaciones de contrato y de obras. Estos eventos provocan aumentos de costos directos de construcción y mayores gastos generales, debido a mayores plazos, los que no siempre son reconocidos por el mandante, originando controversias contractuales.Frente a esta situación, el objetivo de la presente memoria es elaborar una matriz de impacto, que permita categorizar y priorizar cada interferencia identificada según su impacto en los costos y plazos. Junto a esto, se analiza cuantitativamente las desviaciones de costos debido a una serie de interferencias en un proyecto en ejecución, mediante el método de Valor Ganado, obteniendo diagnósticos y pronósticos del desempeño de costos y cronograma.Los resultados obtenidos sostienen que las interferencias identificadas son de total responsabilidad del mandante, sea por errores de diseño y/o administrativos. El principal factor causal de interferencias corresponde a que se licita, adjudica e inician las obras de un proyecto no definitivo. El impacto en los costos y plazos de ejecución hasta concluir un proyecto hospitalario es significativo, pudiendo hasta duplicar el presupuesto inicial. A modo de solventar estas situaciones, se sugiere licitar un proyecto definitivo, mejorar cláusulas de contrato sobre distribución de riesgos, implementar tecnología BIM y crear un panel técnico por cada proyecto hospitalario.
In Chile, the public health system has rises. The construction and replacement within the remodeling developing programs planned in the "National Plan of Public Investments" started in 2014 with the President Michelle Bachelet’s public health economic folder. At January 2018, there is 22 finished Hospitals, another 22 under construction while other 13 are in biddings schedule and 18 more in the study stages and design development process.Main frequently problem has been seen during the construction of the most of the projects and there is various interference problems related with the bidding contract modifications from the hand of the client. Those events cause direct cost and general expenses increases due to changing deadlines with the client disagreement generating an obviously vicious contractual disputes.Facing this issue, the main objective of this investigation is to elaborate a impact matrix that allows categorization and priorization processes to identify according to each of the various interferences in cost and deadlines. Additionally it is to analyze quantitatively every cost defiance made by projects executing interferences with the Earned Value Method, getting diagnoses and performance forecast of cost and schedule.Outcomes sustains that the identified interferences are under completely responsibility of the client, either by design or management mistakes. Bidding, adjudication and initiation of an indefinite Project are the main problem and cause of interferences. The cost impact and executing deadlines are very significative, being able to duplicate the initial budget. A very effective way to solve this situation is to bid a definitive project, contract clauses improving on risk distribution, introduce BIM technology and develop a technician panel for every health facility project.
In Chile, the public health system has rises. The construction and replacement within the remodeling developing programs planned in the "National Plan of Public Investments" started in 2014 with the President Michelle Bachelet’s public health economic folder. At January 2018, there is 22 finished Hospitals, another 22 under construction while other 13 are in biddings schedule and 18 more in the study stages and design development process.Main frequently problem has been seen during the construction of the most of the projects and there is various interference problems related with the bidding contract modifications from the hand of the client. Those events cause direct cost and general expenses increases due to changing deadlines with the client disagreement generating an obviously vicious contractual disputes.Facing this issue, the main objective of this investigation is to elaborate a impact matrix that allows categorization and priorization processes to identify according to each of the various interferences in cost and deadlines. Additionally it is to analyze quantitatively every cost defiance made by projects executing interferences with the Earned Value Method, getting diagnoses and performance forecast of cost and schedule.Outcomes sustains that the identified interferences are under completely responsibility of the client, either by design or management mistakes. Bidding, adjudication and initiation of an indefinite Project are the main problem and cause of interferences. The cost impact and executing deadlines are very significative, being able to duplicate the initial budget. A very effective way to solve this situation is to bid a definitive project, contract clauses improving on risk distribution, introduce BIM technology and develop a technician panel for every health facility project.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
INFRAESTRUCTURA HOSPITALARIA , INTERFERENCIAS EN CONSTRUCCION , MATRIZ DE RIESGOS