Thesis NUEVAS ALTERNATIVAS DE NEGOCIO PARA PLANTAS GENERADORAS FOTOVOLTAICAS COMO SERVICIOS COMPLEMENTARIOS
Date
2018
Authors
MUÑOZ ÁLVAREZ, ALEJANDRO JESÚS
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Abstract
El mercado eléctrico se encuentra en pleno desarrollo, el aumento de la energía renovable ha provocado una transformación de la visión de mercado que teníamos hace unos años atrás. La incertidumbre en lo que puede venir en el futuro y el posterior impacto en los precios de mercado es alta y por lo tanto preocupante.La presente tesina aborda la situación actual que está afectando a muchas plantas solares fotovoltaicas: la baja de los costos marginales. Como ya se tiene conocimiento, en un sistema de transmisión no adaptado, es posible encontrar congestión en las líneas que transporta a energía desde la zona de generación hacia las demandas del sistema. Chile, siendo un país largo y angosto, tiene zonas de generación que se encuentran lejanas a los centros de consumo provocando esta congestión. El caso más importante hoy es la gran cantidad de generación solar encontrada en el norte que congestiona las líneas de 220 kV debido al alto flujo hacia el sur del país. Esta ocupación total de las líneas de transmisión provoca que los precios de costo marginal desciendan, igualando el costo variable de las unidades solares: 0 USD/MVAr.Bajo esta condición, es necesario acudir a nuevos negocios con la finalidad de capturar rentabilidades positivas debido a la baja de los precios de sistema. En este caso, la presente tesina ha desarrollado el mercado de los Servicios Complementarios, actualmente en revisión por la Comisión Nacional de Energía, de control de tensión de noche haciendo uso de los equipos inversores de las plantas solares sin modificar su capacidad de inyección de potencia activa durante el día.Se desarrolló una propuesta de remuneración y del proceso de licitación / subasta de acuerdo a los lineamientos otorgados por las mesas de trabajo de la Comisión Nacional de Energía, haciendo énfasis en elementos de pago por disponibilidad de potencia reactiva así como el cálculo de los precios estimados ofrecidos al sistema usando una central solar existente.El estudio demostró que existe una gran competencia en el mercado del control de tensión debido a la gran cantidad de equipos inversores en la zona de influencia y que las plantas solares son totalmente competitivas respecto del alternativo directo (Compensador Estático de Reactivos). Esto principalmente debido a la consideración de los costos hundidos de las plantas solares, siendo solo CAPEX contemplado en la subasta el costo del hardware usado para el control de tensión de noche.
Currently, the Chilean electricity market is in full development since the increase of renewable energy. It has caused a transformation in the vision we used to have few years ago. The uncertainty in what may come in the tge near future and the subsequent impact on market prices, is high and therefore of concern.This article addresses the current situation that is affecting solar plants: low marginal costs. As you already (might) know, in a non-adapted transmission system, it is possible to find congestion in the lines that transport the energy from the generation zone to the consumers. In Chile, being geographically a long and narrow country, the generation is located far away from the consumer centers that cause this congestion. Nowadays, the most important case of congestion occurs by the large amount of solar energy in the North. This fact is causing a decrease in the marginal cost , even up to prices: 0 USD / MVAr.Therefore, it is extremely important to create a business to capture new profitability. (In this case, the article developed the market of Complementary Services (Ancillary Services), currently under review by the National Energy Commission, of control of night voltage using the equipment of solar plants.A reimbursement proposal and the licitation process was deleloped by in accordance with the guidelines goven by the work tables of the National Energy Commission, emphasizing the elements of payment for the reactive power such as the calculation of the estimated prices offered to the system for an existing solar plant.The study demonstrated that there exist great competition in the market of voltage control due to the large number of inverting equipment in the area of influence, and that the solar plants are totally competitive with respect to the direct alternative (Static Compensator of Reactive Power). Mainly as a result of the costs of the solar plants, being CAPEX the only hardware contemplated to be used for the control of night voltage.
Currently, the Chilean electricity market is in full development since the increase of renewable energy. It has caused a transformation in the vision we used to have few years ago. The uncertainty in what may come in the tge near future and the subsequent impact on market prices, is high and therefore of concern.This article addresses the current situation that is affecting solar plants: low marginal costs. As you already (might) know, in a non-adapted transmission system, it is possible to find congestion in the lines that transport the energy from the generation zone to the consumers. In Chile, being geographically a long and narrow country, the generation is located far away from the consumer centers that cause this congestion. Nowadays, the most important case of congestion occurs by the large amount of solar energy in the North. This fact is causing a decrease in the marginal cost , even up to prices: 0 USD / MVAr.Therefore, it is extremely important to create a business to capture new profitability. (In this case, the article developed the market of Complementary Services (Ancillary Services), currently under review by the National Energy Commission, of control of night voltage using the equipment of solar plants.A reimbursement proposal and the licitation process was deleloped by in accordance with the guidelines goven by the work tables of the National Energy Commission, emphasizing the elements of payment for the reactive power such as the calculation of the estimated prices offered to the system for an existing solar plant.The study demonstrated that there exist great competition in the market of voltage control due to the large number of inverting equipment in the area of influence, and that the solar plants are totally competitive with respect to the direct alternative (Static Compensator of Reactive Power). Mainly as a result of the costs of the solar plants, being CAPEX the only hardware contemplated to be used for the control of night voltage.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
CONTROL DE TENSION , ERNC , PANELES FOTOVOLTAICOS , SSCC
