Thesis OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL PROCESO DE MICROENCAPSULACIÓN DE ß-CAROTENO BASADO EN EL MÉTODO DE COACERVACIÓN COMPLEJA
Date
2018
Authors
BONILLA VALENTINO, ANDRÉS GUSTAVO
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Abstract
En esta investigación se busca evaluar la microencapsulación de ß-caroteno mediante la coacervación compleja de Quitosano en conjunto con un biopolímero secundario: Goma Tragacanto, Goma Arábiga o Gelatina, como medio de protección y de liberación controlada en el intestino delgado, analizando como repercuten los factores tanto de biopolímero utilizado, como la razón entre estos y la cantidad de aceite con ß-caroteno utilizado. Las razones entre masa utilizada para cada biopolímero son de 2/1 y de 1/2, y la adición de aceite con betacaroteno al 0,5% en peso fue de 5mL y 10mL, dando una totalidad de 12 experimentos distintos.Se determinó el efecto de los factores en distintas variables, como lo son la humedad, el rendimiento y la concentración final de betacaroteno de las microcápsulas, utilizando análisis de la varianza y la prueba de rangos múltiples de Duncan, determinando para la mayoría de los casos diferencias significativas entre los factores, exceptuando el rendimiento, dónde tanto la Goma Arábiga como la Goma Tragacanto no presentan diferencias significativas.Los resultados muestran que la humedad varía entre 56,6% y 81,2%, donde los factores que más influyen en esta variación fue la razón entre biopolímeros utilizada y la combinación de biopolímero utilizado. El rendimiento por su parte presenta una gran diferencia, dónde los menores valores corresponden a 9,1% y 9,8% para el caso de la Gelatina como biopolímero secundario a una razón de 1/2, y el mayor rendimiento corresponden a un 76,5% para la Goma tragacanto a razón de 2/1 con 5 mL de Aceite, y 74,8% para la Goma Arábiga a mismas condiciones. Finalmente, la concentración de ß-caroteno por masa de microcápsulas secas es una propiedad de gran interés, dónde la cantidad de aceite utilizado repercute directamente. Si bien el rendimiento es mayor al utilizar bajas cantidades de aceite, el utilizar una mayor cantidad hace que las microcápsulas queden más cargadas. El máximo obtenido corresponde a 4,70 mg de ß-caroteno por g de microcápsulas secas, utilizando Goma Tragacanto, en razón 2/1 con 10 mL de aceite, seguida por su contraparte, Goma Arábiga a mismas condiciones, con 4,58 mg de ß-caroteno por g de microcápsulas secas.No ocurre liberación controlada en la digestión in vitro utilizando cualquier combinación con Quitosano, debido a que la microcápsula no se destruye al aumentar el pH. Se evaluó utilizar Caseína en reemplazo de Quitosano mostrando una liberación de un 85% a los 120 minutos.En cuanto a la estabilidad que otorga la microcápsula a la temperatura, no existen diferencias significativas con respecto al betacaroteno solo, todas las experiencias tenían una pérdida de alrededor de 10% a los 18 días.
This research seeks to evaluate the microencapsulation of ß-carotene by complex coacervation of Chitosan in conjunction with a secondary biopolymer: Tragacanth Gum, Arabica Gum or Gelatin, as a means of protection and controlled release in the small intestine, analyzing how the factors of both biopolymers used, as the ratio between these and the amount of oil with ß-carotene used. The mass ratios used for each biopolymer are 2/1 and 1/2, and the addition of oil with beta-carotene at 0.5% by weight was 5mL and 10mL, giving a total of 12 different experiments.The effect of the factors on different variables was determined, such as humidity, yield and the final concentration of beta-carotene in the microcapsules, using analysis of the variance and Duncan's multiple range test, determining for most of the cases significant differences between the factors, except yield, where both the Arabica Gum and the Tragacanth Gum do not present significant differences.The results show that humidity varies between 56.6% and 81.2%, where the factors that most influence this variation was the ratio between biopolymers used and the combination of biopolymer used. The yield on the other hand presents a big difference, where the lowest values correspond to 9.1% and 9.8% for the case of Gelatine as a secondary biopolymer at a ratio of 1/2, and the highest yield correspond to a 76,5% for the tragacanth gum at the rate of 2/1 with 5 mL of oil, and 74.8% for the Arabica gum at the same conditions. Finally, the concentration of ß-carotene per mass of dry microcapsules is a property of great interest, where the amount of oil used directly affects. Although the performance is higher when using low amounts of oil, using a larger amount makes the microcapsules more charged. The maximum obtained corresponds to 4.70 mg of ß-carotene per g of dry microcapsules, using Tragacanth Gum, in ratio 2/1 with 10 mL of oil, followed by its counterpart, Arabian Gum at the same conditions, with 4.58 mg of ß-carotene per g of dry microcapsules.No controlled release occurs in the in vitro digestion using any combination with Chitosan, because the microcapsule is not destroyed by increasing the pH. The use of Casein in replacement of Chitosan was evaluated, showing an 85% release at 120 minutes.Regarding the stability that the microcapsule gives to temperature, there are no significant differences with respect to beta-carotene alone, all experiences had a loss of around 10% at 18 days.
This research seeks to evaluate the microencapsulation of ß-carotene by complex coacervation of Chitosan in conjunction with a secondary biopolymer: Tragacanth Gum, Arabica Gum or Gelatin, as a means of protection and controlled release in the small intestine, analyzing how the factors of both biopolymers used, as the ratio between these and the amount of oil with ß-carotene used. The mass ratios used for each biopolymer are 2/1 and 1/2, and the addition of oil with beta-carotene at 0.5% by weight was 5mL and 10mL, giving a total of 12 different experiments.The effect of the factors on different variables was determined, such as humidity, yield and the final concentration of beta-carotene in the microcapsules, using analysis of the variance and Duncan's multiple range test, determining for most of the cases significant differences between the factors, except yield, where both the Arabica Gum and the Tragacanth Gum do not present significant differences.The results show that humidity varies between 56.6% and 81.2%, where the factors that most influence this variation was the ratio between biopolymers used and the combination of biopolymer used. The yield on the other hand presents a big difference, where the lowest values correspond to 9.1% and 9.8% for the case of Gelatine as a secondary biopolymer at a ratio of 1/2, and the highest yield correspond to a 76,5% for the tragacanth gum at the rate of 2/1 with 5 mL of oil, and 74.8% for the Arabica gum at the same conditions. Finally, the concentration of ß-carotene per mass of dry microcapsules is a property of great interest, where the amount of oil used directly affects. Although the performance is higher when using low amounts of oil, using a larger amount makes the microcapsules more charged. The maximum obtained corresponds to 4.70 mg of ß-carotene per g of dry microcapsules, using Tragacanth Gum, in ratio 2/1 with 10 mL of oil, followed by its counterpart, Arabian Gum at the same conditions, with 4.58 mg of ß-carotene per g of dry microcapsules.No controlled release occurs in the in vitro digestion using any combination with Chitosan, because the microcapsule is not destroyed by increasing the pH. The use of Casein in replacement of Chitosan was evaluated, showing an 85% release at 120 minutes.Regarding the stability that the microcapsule gives to temperature, there are no significant differences with respect to beta-carotene alone, all experiences had a loss of around 10% at 18 days.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
BETA-CAROTENO , COACERVACION , MICROENCAPSULACION
