Thesis ANÁLISIS DE FACTIBILIDAD SOBRE LA REUTILIZACIÓN DE LAS AGUAS SERVIDAS DE ALTO HOSPICIO E IQUIQUE EN LA MINERÍA DEL COBRE DE LA I REGIÓN DE TARAPACÁ
Date
2017
Authors
MASON DE LA FUENTE, SIMÓN EDUARDO
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Abstract
El desarrollo de la actividad minera durante los últimos años en el norte de Chile, ha hecho necesaria la incorporación de nuevas fuentes de agua, que permitan abastecer los procesos de producción en el mediano y largo plazo. En el caso de la minería del cobre, la solución alternativa a las fuentes continentales, con mayor presencia nacional, corresponde a la utilización de agua de mar, sin embargo existen otras opciones que pudiesen resultar tanto o más atractivas, como es el abastecimiento mediante la reutilización de aguas servidas domésticas.En este trabajo se propone el desarrollo de un análisis técnico, económico, social y medioambiental, que compare tres alternativas de abastecimiento de agua:La desalación de agua de mar y su posterior transporte de manera directa hasta las faenas.El denominado SWAP, que considera el uso, por parte de la minería, de las aguas continentales actualmente utilizadas para abastecer a la población, cuyo consumo sería alimentado con agua de mar desalada. El saneamiento de las aguas servidas de Alto Hospicio, además de las de Iquique en caso de requerirse, para su posterior traslado hasta las instalaciones mineras.La metodología usada para la comparación se basa en el diseño y pre-dimensionamiento de las instalaciones y conducciones necesarias para abastecer de agua, mediante cada una de las alternativas propuestas, a dos mineras referenciales con distinta ubicación dentro de la Región de Tarapacá, y en el desarrollo de una evaluación de costos para valorizar cada alternativa. Además, se considera dos escenarios de operación, con distintos caudales de producción, con el objetivo de conocer la influencia de esta variable en el análisis.La integración de las evaluaciones económicas de cada alternativa, junto con las variables sociales y medioambientales, permitirá conocer el nivel de competitividad que presenta la reutilización de aguas servidas frente a otras soluciones más convencionales.
The mining development in recent years, in northern Chile, has necessitated the incorporation of new sources of water supply to allow production processes in the medium and long term. In the case of copper mining, the alternative to continental sources solution with greater national presence, corresponds to the use of seawater, however there are other options that may be equally or more attractive, as is the supply by reusing domestic wastewater.In this paper the development of technical, economic, social and environmental analysis, comparing three alternative water supply is proposed: Desalination of seawater and subsequent transport directly to the mines. The so-called SWAP, which considers the use by mining, inland water currently used to supply the population, whose consumption would be supplied with water from desalinated sea. The sanitation of Alto Hospicio’s sewage, in addition to those of Iquique if required, for subsequent transfer to the mining facilities.The methodology used for the comparison is based on the design and pre-sizing of facilities and pipelines needed to supply water through each of the specified alternatives, to two referential mining with different location within the Tarapaca Region, and the development of a cost assessment to value each alternative. It is also considered two scenarios of operation, with different production flows, in order to determine the influence of this variable in the analysis.The integration of economic evaluations of each alternative, along with social and environmental variables, will reveal the level of competitiveness that has wastewater reuse over other more conventional solutions.
The mining development in recent years, in northern Chile, has necessitated the incorporation of new sources of water supply to allow production processes in the medium and long term. In the case of copper mining, the alternative to continental sources solution with greater national presence, corresponds to the use of seawater, however there are other options that may be equally or more attractive, as is the supply by reusing domestic wastewater.In this paper the development of technical, economic, social and environmental analysis, comparing three alternative water supply is proposed: Desalination of seawater and subsequent transport directly to the mines. The so-called SWAP, which considers the use by mining, inland water currently used to supply the population, whose consumption would be supplied with water from desalinated sea. The sanitation of Alto Hospicio’s sewage, in addition to those of Iquique if required, for subsequent transfer to the mining facilities.The methodology used for the comparison is based on the design and pre-sizing of facilities and pipelines needed to supply water through each of the specified alternatives, to two referential mining with different location within the Tarapaca Region, and the development of a cost assessment to value each alternative. It is also considered two scenarios of operation, with different production flows, in order to determine the influence of this variable in the analysis.The integration of economic evaluations of each alternative, along with social and environmental variables, will reveal the level of competitiveness that has wastewater reuse over other more conventional solutions.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
AGUAS GRISES , AGUAS SERVIDAS , MINERIA , REUTILIZACION DE AGUA
