Publication: DESARROLLO DE CONVERTIDOR Y ESTRATEGIA DE CONTROL DE INYECCIÓN DE ENERGÍA DESDE UN GENERADOR TETRAFÁSICO HACIA UNA RED MONOFÁSICA
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Date
2017-10
Authors
SÁNCHEZ MOLINA, DANIEL ESTEBAN
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Abstract
La motivación de esta investigación surge de un proyecto de generación eléctrica de pequeña escala, donde un generador polifásico es diseñado para aprovechar la energía proveniente de bicicletas de ejercicios estáticas. Para ello, el diseño de un convertidor estático, que permita contribuir en el control del grado de carga del generador y en la transferencia de energía hacia la red de baja tensión nivel residencial, es fundamental y el foco de este trabajo. Los principales desafíos técnicos del proyecto son, el diseño de un generador eléctrico de baja tensión y velocidad nominal del orden de 100 rpm, diseño del convertidor con control de corriente de entrada, que emule el ajuste del grado de carga de la bicicleta estática, y la capacidad de inyección de energía a la red monofásica de 220V y 50Hz.Dos topologías de convertidores son desarrolladas, basadas en estudios de aplicaciones similares como generación fotovoltaica y convertidores de baja potencia. Una, la topología tipo fuente de tensión, incorpora un convertidor boost, un banco de condensadores en enlace dc, y un inversor puente H. La otra, una topología tipo fuente de corriente, consta de un reactor de alta inductancia y un inversor puente H. Ambas topologías operan on grid, conectadas mediante un filtro LC. Un marco de referencia sincronizado con la red es utilizado en los modelamientos, lo que permite el control de reactivos transferidos a la red en la topología VSI. Los esquemas propuestos son evaluados a través de simulaciones computacionales, en escenarios representativos de la operación en una rutina de ejercicios real. Estos escenarios definidos son, control de grado de carga ante variación de la velocidad, representado por cambio de tensión del generador, y, modificación de la carga de la bicicleta manteniendo cadencia de pedaleo, representado por un cambio de consigna en la corriente de entrada manteniendo tensión del generador constante. La evaluación de los convertidores propuestos dependerá de la rapidez de respuesta del control, criterios de estabilidad, versatilidad en rangos de operación, contenido armónico dela corriente inyectada a la red y beneficios adicionales.
The motivation of this research arises from the design of a low scale electric generation project, where a poly–phase generator is designed to harvest the energy from stationary exercise bicycles. To do this, the static converter design, allowing load control of the generator and energy injection capability to low voltage residential newtwork, is fundamental and the focus of this work. The main challenges involved in this project are, the low voltage electric generator design whose typical speeds are below 100 rpm, the static converter design with input current control strategy to emulate the load control of the exercise bicycle, and the energy injection capability to 220V and 50Hz single–phase grid. Two converters topologies are developed, based on similar applications such as photovoltaic generators and low power converters. One, the voltage source inverter topology, incorporates a boost converter, a dc–link capacitor bank, and a single–phase full brigde inverter. The other, a current source inverter topology, consists in high inductance reactor and a full bridge single–phase current inverter. Both topologies work on grid, connected by LC filter. A reference framework synchronized with single–phase grid is used for converters modelling, allowing reactive transfer control to the grid in the VSI topology. The schemes proposed are evaluated by computational simulations, in representatives scenarios of typical performance regimes of an exercise bike routine. The scenarios defined are, load control and speed variations, represented by generator voltage change, and, shift of bycicle resistance at same pedaling rate, represented by modification of input current reference keeping generator voltage level. The assessment of the converters proposed will depends of dynamics of the control response, stability criteria, versatility of operating ranges, harmonic content of grid current and additional benefits.
The motivation of this research arises from the design of a low scale electric generation project, where a poly–phase generator is designed to harvest the energy from stationary exercise bicycles. To do this, the static converter design, allowing load control of the generator and energy injection capability to low voltage residential newtwork, is fundamental and the focus of this work. The main challenges involved in this project are, the low voltage electric generator design whose typical speeds are below 100 rpm, the static converter design with input current control strategy to emulate the load control of the exercise bicycle, and the energy injection capability to 220V and 50Hz single–phase grid. Two converters topologies are developed, based on similar applications such as photovoltaic generators and low power converters. One, the voltage source inverter topology, incorporates a boost converter, a dc–link capacitor bank, and a single–phase full brigde inverter. The other, a current source inverter topology, consists in high inductance reactor and a full bridge single–phase current inverter. Both topologies work on grid, connected by LC filter. A reference framework synchronized with single–phase grid is used for converters modelling, allowing reactive transfer control to the grid in the VSI topology. The schemes proposed are evaluated by computational simulations, in representatives scenarios of typical performance regimes of an exercise bike routine. The scenarios defined are, load control and speed variations, represented by generator voltage change, and, shift of bycicle resistance at same pedaling rate, represented by modification of input current reference keeping generator voltage level. The assessment of the converters proposed will depends of dynamics of the control response, stability criteria, versatility of operating ranges, harmonic content of grid current and additional benefits.
Description
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Keywords
BICICLETA ESTATICA , CONTROL LINEAL DESACOPLADO , CSI MONOFASICO , GENERACION ELECTRICA , VSI DQ MONOFASICO