Thesis PRODUCCIÓN DE POLICAPROLACTONA A PARTIR DE UNA REACCIÓN BIOCATALIZADA EN UN MEDIO CON CO2 SUPERCRÍTICO
Date
2017
Authors
HUSERMAN OTERO, DAVID ALEJANDRO
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Durante los últimos años, la obtención de materiales biodegradables amigables con el medioambiente y el cuerpo ha ido en aumento. Particularmente, la PCL asoma como un polímero biodegradable con diversas aplicaciones, tanto en ingeniería de tejidos como en sistema de liberación de fármacos. La producción convencional de PCL usa solventes orgánicos y catalizadores metálicos o ácidos que pueden ser perjudiciales para la salud y el medioambiente, repercutiendo en su biodegradabilidad y biocompatibilidad. Debido a esto, buscando una producción “verde”, se plantea el objetivo general de la investigación que es estudiar, montar y poner en marcha un sistema experimental para producir PCL en un medio con CO2 supercrítico, catalizado mediante la enzima inmovilizada Lipasa B de Candida antarctica.Los resultados obtenidos son concluyentes. Primero que todo se comprueba la obtención de PCL mediante resonancia magnética nuclear a partir de las distintas condiciones propuestas, al presentar espectros similares a los de la PCL comercial, lo que valida a su vez el montaje y metodología experimental propuestas. Las variables estudiadas que influyen en la reacción son la presión del sistema, el tiempo de reacción y el contenido de agua en el monómero.Con respecto a la presión del sistema, se infiere con un 90% de certeza que las reacciones llevadas a cabo a 14,5 MPa entregaron PCL de mayor peso molecular que las realizadas a 20 MPa. El tiempo del sistema no resultó ser significativo con un 90% de confianza, ya que reacciones llevadas a 2 y 4,5 horas entregaron PCL de peso molecular similar, mientras que el contenido de agua en el monómero resultó ser la variable más influyente, llegando a obtener PCL de 21.000 Da a partir de un monómero de 97% de pureza, frente a los obtenidos con un monómero de 99% de purea (6.200 Da). En base a los resultados obtenidos, se demuestra la posibilidad de producir PCL en el sistema experimental diseñado y puesto en marcha a partir de un proceso no convencional de producción.Así, es posible proponer un diseño factorial como trabajo futuro, basándose en esta investigación, para poder evaluar el efecto de otras variables o a su vez ampliar el rango de las variables ya estudiadas para analizar el efecto de cada una de éstas por separado o incluso el efecto entre la combinación de variables.
In recent years, production of materials friendly to the environment and the body has been increasing. In particular, PCL appears as a biodegradable polymer with diverse applications, both in tissue engineering and in drug delivery systems. Conventional PCL production, uses organic solvents and metal or acid catalysts, which can be harmful to the health and the environment, influencing the bioresorbability and biocompatibility. Thus, looking for a “green” production, the general objective of this research is to study, assembly and start up an experimental system to produce PCL in a supercritical CO2 environment, catalyzed by the immobilized enzyme Lipase B from Candida antarctica.The results obtained are conclusive. First of all, it is verified by nuclear magnetic resonance the PCL production from the different proposed conditions, presenting similar spectra compared to commercial PCL, which validates at the same time the experimental setup and the proposed methodology. The studied variables that influence the reaction are the system pressure, time reaction and water content in the monomer.Regarding to the system pressure, it is inferred with 90% of certainty, that the reactions performed at 14,5 MPa give PCL with higher molecular weight than those performed at 20 MPa. The time reaction turned out not to be significant, with 90% of certainty, since reactions performed for 2 and 4,5 hours give PCL with similar molecular weight, while the water content in the monomer turned out to be the most influential variable, producing PCL up to 21.000 Da from a 97% purified monomer, versus 6.200 Da from a 99% purified monomer. Based on the results obtained, it is demonstrated the possibility to produce PCL in the experimental system designed and started up, from a non-conventional production process.Thus, it is possible to propose a factorial design as future work, based on this research, to be able to evaluate the effect of other variables or expand the range of studied variables to analyze the effect of each one separately or even the effect between the combination of variables.
In recent years, production of materials friendly to the environment and the body has been increasing. In particular, PCL appears as a biodegradable polymer with diverse applications, both in tissue engineering and in drug delivery systems. Conventional PCL production, uses organic solvents and metal or acid catalysts, which can be harmful to the health and the environment, influencing the bioresorbability and biocompatibility. Thus, looking for a “green” production, the general objective of this research is to study, assembly and start up an experimental system to produce PCL in a supercritical CO2 environment, catalyzed by the immobilized enzyme Lipase B from Candida antarctica.The results obtained are conclusive. First of all, it is verified by nuclear magnetic resonance the PCL production from the different proposed conditions, presenting similar spectra compared to commercial PCL, which validates at the same time the experimental setup and the proposed methodology. The studied variables that influence the reaction are the system pressure, time reaction and water content in the monomer.Regarding to the system pressure, it is inferred with 90% of certainty, that the reactions performed at 14,5 MPa give PCL with higher molecular weight than those performed at 20 MPa. The time reaction turned out not to be significant, with 90% of certainty, since reactions performed for 2 and 4,5 hours give PCL with similar molecular weight, while the water content in the monomer turned out to be the most influential variable, producing PCL up to 21.000 Da from a 97% purified monomer, versus 6.200 Da from a 99% purified monomer. Based on the results obtained, it is demonstrated the possibility to produce PCL in the experimental system designed and started up, from a non-conventional production process.Thus, it is possible to propose a factorial design as future work, based on this research, to be able to evaluate the effect of other variables or expand the range of studied variables to analyze the effect of each one separately or even the effect between the combination of variables.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
BIOCATALISIS , CATALISIS ENZIMATICA , POLIMEROS BIODEGRADABLES , PRODUCCION DE POLICAPROLACTONA
