Thesis ANÁLISIS DEL SISTEMA EDUCACIONAL PARA LOS TRABAJADORES DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN CHILENOS BASADO EN UN ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LOS SISTEMAS ACTUALES EN ALEMANIA Y CHILE
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Date
2018
Authors
FRONTANILLA MACCHIAVELLO, SEBASTIAN ANDRES
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Abstract
Una de las áreas más importantes donde se desempeñan los ingenieros civiles enChile es la construcción. En ella existe un problema bien conocido que tiene efectosnegativos drásticos y que es la falta de programas de formación para lostrabajadores de la construcción.En Chile, el número de trabajadores de la construcción que no han recibido ningúntipo de capacitación para ejercer sus tareas diarias, de acuerdo a la Cámara Chilenade la Construcción, alcanza el 64,4%.El número promedio de accidentes laborales fatales en Chile en el periodo 2007-2013 solo en el área de la construcción alcanzó las 95,4 muertes por año. Estenúmero representa el 20% de los accidentes laborales fatales totales en el país. Estacifra alarmante puede ser reducida capacitando a la fuerza laboral.El objetivo de esta tesis es investigar el sistema de formación para los profesionalesde la construcción en Alemania como base para proponer un concepto basado en lasnecesidades que requiera la situación actual de Chile. Particularmente secompararán la carrera técnico profesional del nivel medio en el área de laconstrucción en Chile con la formación que reciben los trabajadores de laconstrucción en Alemania bajo el sistema de educación dual. Esta modalidad constabásicamente de una formación donde los aprendices dividen su tiempo entre laescuela y una compañía, mezclando conocimiento teórico y práctico a lo largo de suformación.Se comienza con un análisis del sistema actual para la formación de técnicos delnivel medio en Chile, particularmente el sistema de formación dual implementadoen 1991 tras un convenio de cooperación entre los gobiernos chileno y alemán.La segunda fase está basada en el estudio de la efectividad que posee el sistemaalemán. La clave será entender la malla curricular, los métodos de aprendizaje, losroles y responsabilidades del gobierno, las empresas participantes y el aprendiz.Se tendrá especial cuidado en tomar en cuenta las diferencias sociales, culturales yeconómicas de ambos países al momento de proponer modificaciones, estas estaránrelacionadas con los siguientes puntos: (1) la estructura de colaboración, (2) el plande estudios y (3) el método de evaluación. Las modificaciones propuestas tienen elfin de brindar homogeneidad y mejorar la calidad de los graduados a nivel nacional.También se buscará conocer de mejor manera la realidad actual del sistema deEducación Dual en Chile y la actitud de los participantes (liceos y compañías)mediante una encuesta. Las estadísticas resultantes ayudarán a elaborar undiagnóstico de la situación actual. De este modo, se podrán evidenciar posiblesproblemas en el actual sistema.
One of the most important areas in Chile where civil engineers are needed is theconstruction area. This area is lacking training programs for the constructionworkers, which has drastic negative effects, such as poor quality and a high rate ofaccidents.According to the Cámara Chilena de la Construcción (Chilean Chamber ofConstruction), 64.4% of the Chilean construction workers haven’t received any formof professional training to perform their daily tasks on the construction sites.It is therefore not surprising that the average of fatal occupational accidents in Chilebetween 2007 and 2013 is 95.4 deaths per year in construction alone. This numberrepresents 20% of the fatal industrial accidents in the entire country. Experiencesfrom other countries show that a professional training program would drasticallyimprove work quality and reduce the accident rate.One country that is believed to have an excellent professional training concept isGermany. The objective of this thesis is to study the present training system for theprofessional construction workers in Germany as a base to design a comprehensiveprogram that meets the needs of the construction industry while considering theChilean reality and its history.This work will present a comparison of Chile’s carrera técnico profesional del nivelmedio in the construction area in Chile with Germany’s Dual Educational System. Asignificant segment of work is dedicated to study and model this system whichconsists of a training program where the trainees divide their time betweenworking at a company and attending classes at school. The thesis work stresses thevalue of developing theoretical knowledge and practical skills in a synergisticmanner. Special focus will be put on the social, cultural and economic differences inboth countries that might have an impact on how the developed modifications canbe implemented.In addition, the pedagogical methods employed the roles and the responsibilities ofthe government, the participating companies and the trainees are described.Modifications will be developed in the following areas: (1) the structure of thecollaboration, (2) the Curriculum and (3) the evaluation methods. The modificationshave the goal to achieve homogeneity and an overall higher qualified workforce onnational level.Finally, by the use of a survey we will try to better understand the reality of thecurrent system of Dual Education in Chile and the response of the participants inboth schools and companies to the idea of a Dual Educational System.The statistics will help to elaborate and understand the current situation to showpossible problems in the current system.
One of the most important areas in Chile where civil engineers are needed is theconstruction area. This area is lacking training programs for the constructionworkers, which has drastic negative effects, such as poor quality and a high rate ofaccidents.According to the Cámara Chilena de la Construcción (Chilean Chamber ofConstruction), 64.4% of the Chilean construction workers haven’t received any formof professional training to perform their daily tasks on the construction sites.It is therefore not surprising that the average of fatal occupational accidents in Chilebetween 2007 and 2013 is 95.4 deaths per year in construction alone. This numberrepresents 20% of the fatal industrial accidents in the entire country. Experiencesfrom other countries show that a professional training program would drasticallyimprove work quality and reduce the accident rate.One country that is believed to have an excellent professional training concept isGermany. The objective of this thesis is to study the present training system for theprofessional construction workers in Germany as a base to design a comprehensiveprogram that meets the needs of the construction industry while considering theChilean reality and its history.This work will present a comparison of Chile’s carrera técnico profesional del nivelmedio in the construction area in Chile with Germany’s Dual Educational System. Asignificant segment of work is dedicated to study and model this system whichconsists of a training program where the trainees divide their time betweenworking at a company and attending classes at school. The thesis work stresses thevalue of developing theoretical knowledge and practical skills in a synergisticmanner. Special focus will be put on the social, cultural and economic differences inboth countries that might have an impact on how the developed modifications canbe implemented.In addition, the pedagogical methods employed the roles and the responsibilities ofthe government, the participating companies and the trainees are described.Modifications will be developed in the following areas: (1) the structure of thecollaboration, (2) the Curriculum and (3) the evaluation methods. The modificationshave the goal to achieve homogeneity and an overall higher qualified workforce onnational level.Finally, by the use of a survey we will try to better understand the reality of thecurrent system of Dual Education in Chile and the response of the participants inboth schools and companies to the idea of a Dual Educational System.The statistics will help to elaborate and understand the current situation to showpossible problems in the current system.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
CAPACITACION , EDUCACION DUAL , TRABAJADORES DE LA CONSTRUCCION