Publication: PARÁMETROS DE DISEÑO PARA UN SISTEMA DE TRANSPORTE NEUMÁTICO DE ARENA PARA EL FRENADO DE TRENES
Date
2018
Authors
GUZMAN SALAZAR, ANDRES FERNANDO
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Abstract
El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es determinar las condiciones requeridas para diseñar, operar, manejar y transportar arena neumáticamente, y utilizar los resultados en el diseño de un prototipo de un sistema neumático de recarga de arena utilizada para frenar trenes de ruedas y rieles metálicos.Para esto, se diseñó e implementó un sistema de transporte neumático con cañerías transparentes de 32 [mm] de diámetro interno, en direcciones horizontal, vertical e inclinada, con el fin de medir experimentalmente la caída de presión generada por el sistema y la velocidad a la que ocurren los fenómenos de desprendimiento, depositación, atascamiento y formación de duna en tramo inclinado. Además se midió la velocidad de purga en una cañería vertical y en dos de las configuraciones se utilizó una zona de aceleración de partículas de longitud reducida, con el fin de observar el efecto que tiene sobre el transporte el utilizar cañerías con un largo inferior a lo recomendado. De esta forma se generó el diagrama de estado para cada configuración, con tres flujos de sólidos diferentes, se determinó la velocidad mínima de transporte en cada caso, y con un análisis simplificado basado en los modelos de Gasterstadt y de Yang, se calculó el coeficiente de pérdida de carga horizontal y vertical respectivamente.De los resultados se concluye que en un sistema con cañerías en varias direcciones y diámetro constante, la velocidad mínima de transporte horizontal definirá si el sistema es capaz o no de transportar el material, ya que es mayor que en el caso inclinado y vertical, y es el primero en fallar por depositación de las partículas. En cuanto a la caída de presión, se determinó que ésta aumenta a mayor inclinación de la cañería.Con la información y parámetros obtenidos se diseñaron dos alternativas para recargar neumáticamente los areneros en un modelo de tren en particular. En cada caso se presentan los planos y se detallan los componentes requeridos para su construcción, incluyendo el presupuesto de los equipos principales.
The main goal of this work is to determine the conditions required to design, operate, handle and transport sand pneumatically, and utilize the results in the design of a prototype of a pneumatic reload system of sand used for the breaks of train wheels and metallic rails.In order to do so, a pneumatic transport system was designed and implemented with transparent pipes of 32[mm] internal diameter, in horizontal, vertical and tilted directions, with the objective of experimentally measuring the pressure drop generated by the system and the velocity at which the pick up, saltation, choking and formation of dune in inclined section phenomena occur. Also, the velocity of purge in a choked vertical pipe was measured, and in two of the configurations, a short particle acceleration zone was used, to observe the effect over the transportation when using pipes with a longitude smaller than the recommended. In this way, the state diagram for each configuration was generated, with three different flows of solids, the minimum velocity of transportation was calculated in each case, and, with a simplified analysis of the Gasterstadt’s and Yang’s models the coefficient of loss of horizontal and vertical load were determined.Based on the results, it was concluded that in a system of pipes with many directions and constant diameter, the minimum velocity of horizontal transport will define if the system is capable or not of transporting the material, due to the fact that the velocity is greater than the inclined and vertical case, and it is the first in failing by saltation of particles. Regarding the pressure drop, it was found that it increased when the pipe inclination is greater.With the information and parameters obtained, two alternatives were designed in order to pneumatically reload the sandboxes in a particular train model. In each case the drawings are presented and details of the components required for their construction, including the budget for main equipment.
The main goal of this work is to determine the conditions required to design, operate, handle and transport sand pneumatically, and utilize the results in the design of a prototype of a pneumatic reload system of sand used for the breaks of train wheels and metallic rails.In order to do so, a pneumatic transport system was designed and implemented with transparent pipes of 32[mm] internal diameter, in horizontal, vertical and tilted directions, with the objective of experimentally measuring the pressure drop generated by the system and the velocity at which the pick up, saltation, choking and formation of dune in inclined section phenomena occur. Also, the velocity of purge in a choked vertical pipe was measured, and in two of the configurations, a short particle acceleration zone was used, to observe the effect over the transportation when using pipes with a longitude smaller than the recommended. In this way, the state diagram for each configuration was generated, with three different flows of solids, the minimum velocity of transportation was calculated in each case, and, with a simplified analysis of the Gasterstadt’s and Yang’s models the coefficient of loss of horizontal and vertical load were determined.Based on the results, it was concluded that in a system of pipes with many directions and constant diameter, the minimum velocity of horizontal transport will define if the system is capable or not of transporting the material, due to the fact that the velocity is greater than the inclined and vertical case, and it is the first in failing by saltation of particles. Regarding the pressure drop, it was found that it increased when the pipe inclination is greater.With the information and parameters obtained, two alternatives were designed in order to pneumatically reload the sandboxes in a particular train model. In each case the drawings are presented and details of the components required for their construction, including the budget for main equipment.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ARENEROS , TRANSPORTE NEUMATICO , VEHICULOS FERROVIARIOS