Thesis EURO Y COMPETITIVIDAD
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Date
2017
Authors
FIGUEROA ARANEDA, JUAN ENRIQUE
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Abstract
La Eurozona es el conjunto de estados miembros de la Unión Europea que han adoptado el Euro como moneda, estableciendo una unión monetaria. Los países que participan en la Unión Europea que utilizan el euro son: Austria, Bélgica, Chipre, Alemania, Estonia, Grecia, España, Finlandia, Francia, Irlanda, Italia, Luxemburgo, Malta, Países Bajos, Portugal, Eslovenia, Eslovaquia.En el año 2002, doce estados que adoptaron el euro, comenzaron con la circulación de la nueva moneda, siendo el Banco Central Europeo el encargado de regular la política monetaria de la Eurozona con el fin de mantener la inflación en niveles bajos, mientras que la Comisión Europea es aquella que vela por estabilidad de los países integrantes.El Euro es un tipo de cambio flexible, el cual es regulado automáticamente por el mercado y el Banco Central Europeo no participa en la regulación.La Unión Europea cayó en crisis desde finales del año 2007. El inicio de la crisis comenzó con bajas tasas de interés otorgadas en los distintos préstamos, debido a la confiabilidad y credibilidad del BCE en el control de la inflación. Provocando que el gasto interno de los países aumentara fuertemente, sobre todo en los países donde la reducción de las tasas de interés era más alta, tales como España, Portugal, Irlanda, Grecia e Italia. Estos países perdieron competitividad por los déficits financieros productos de la deuda externa. Por otra parte, este gasto financiero provocado por las bajas de las tasas de interés, fueron causadas y facilitadas por un sector financiero con debilidades en los sistemas para evaluar riesgo, junto a una regulación débil.Cómo dijo D’Andrea Tyson, la competitividad es nuestra capacidad de producir bienes y servicios que superen la prueba de la competencia internacional, mientras nuestros ciudadanos gozan de un nivel de vida creciente y sostenible. Nuestra capacidad de producir bienes y servicios que superen la prueba de la competencia internacional, mientras nuestros ciudadanos gozan de un nivel de vida creciente y sostenible1.Durante el período de análisis las deudas externas de los países del Sur de Europa pertenecientes a la Eurozona, aumentaron fuertemente siendo España e Italia los grandes perjudicados de las políticas monetarias públicas aplicadas para controlar la crisis. En general, la situación de los distintos países del Sur de Europa presentaba cierta homogeneidad. Sin embargo, todos los países analizados, es decir Grecia, España, Italia, Portugal e Irlanda presentan un crecimiento de la deuda externa a niveles muy altos, incluso alcanzando una relación en porcentaje con respecto al PIB de un 150% para Grecia. Sus crecimientos e inflaciones, entraron en periodos de ralentización de la economía e incluso en retroceso. Estos países requerían, a priori, a un euro débil en vez de uno fuerte ya que hubiere aumentado la competitividad de las exportaciones.
The Eurozone is the set of member states of the European Union that have adopted the Euro as currency, establishing a monetary union. The countries participating in the European Union that use the euro are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Germany , Estonia , Greece, Spain , Finland, France, Ireland , Italy , Luxembourg , Malta , Netherlands, Portugal , Slovenia, Slovakia.In 2002, twelve states that have adopted the euro, began with the movement of the new modeda. The European Central Bank is responsible for regulating the monetary policy of the eurozone in order to keep inflation low, while the European Commission is one that ensures stability of the countries.The Euro is a flexible exchange rate, which is automatically regulated by the market and the ECB is not involved in regulation.The European Union fell into crisis since the end of 2007. Initiating the crisis began with the low interest rates in the different loans granted, due to the reliability and credibility of the ECB in controlling inflation. Causing domestic spending countries increased sharply, especially in countries where the reduction of interest rates was higher, such as Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Italy. These countries lost competitiveness by financial deficits products of foreign debt. Moreover, this financial expense caused by low interest rates, were caused and facilitated by a financial sector weakness in systems to assess risk, with weak regulation.How D' Andrea Tyson said, 1992, competitiveness is our ability to produce goods and services that meet the test of international competition while our citizens enjoy a level of growing and sustainable living. Our ability to produce goods and services that meet the test of international competition while our citizens enjoy a level of growing and sustainable living (D' Andrea Tyson, 1992, cited in A. Warner, 2006).The countries of Southern Europe, belonging to the Eurozone, its external debts have increased sharply, Spain and Italy are the big losers on public monetary policies to control the crisis. The situation of the countries of Southern Europe present with certain homogeneity. All countries analyzed, ie Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal and Ireland have a growing external debt at very high levels, even reaching a percentage ratio to GDP of 150.00 % for Greece. Their growth and inflation have entered periods of economic slowdown and even regression. These countries are in a better position against a weak euro and strong one that increases export competitiveness
The Eurozone is the set of member states of the European Union that have adopted the Euro as currency, establishing a monetary union. The countries participating in the European Union that use the euro are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Germany , Estonia , Greece, Spain , Finland, France, Ireland , Italy , Luxembourg , Malta , Netherlands, Portugal , Slovenia, Slovakia.In 2002, twelve states that have adopted the euro, began with the movement of the new modeda. The European Central Bank is responsible for regulating the monetary policy of the eurozone in order to keep inflation low, while the European Commission is one that ensures stability of the countries.The Euro is a flexible exchange rate, which is automatically regulated by the market and the ECB is not involved in regulation.The European Union fell into crisis since the end of 2007. Initiating the crisis began with the low interest rates in the different loans granted, due to the reliability and credibility of the ECB in controlling inflation. Causing domestic spending countries increased sharply, especially in countries where the reduction of interest rates was higher, such as Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Italy. These countries lost competitiveness by financial deficits products of foreign debt. Moreover, this financial expense caused by low interest rates, were caused and facilitated by a financial sector weakness in systems to assess risk, with weak regulation.How D' Andrea Tyson said, 1992, competitiveness is our ability to produce goods and services that meet the test of international competition while our citizens enjoy a level of growing and sustainable living. Our ability to produce goods and services that meet the test of international competition while our citizens enjoy a level of growing and sustainable living (D' Andrea Tyson, 1992, cited in A. Warner, 2006).The countries of Southern Europe, belonging to the Eurozone, its external debts have increased sharply, Spain and Italy are the big losers on public monetary policies to control the crisis. The situation of the countries of Southern Europe present with certain homogeneity. All countries analyzed, ie Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal and Ireland have a growing external debt at very high levels, even reaching a percentage ratio to GDP of 150.00 % for Greece. Their growth and inflation have entered periods of economic slowdown and even regression. These countries are in a better position against a weak euro and strong one that increases export competitiveness
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
CRISIS EUROPEA , EUROZONA , IMPACTO ECONOMICO , INDICE DE COMPETITIVIDAD