Publication: REDISEÑO DE INVERNADEROS PARA PRODUCCIÓN DE TOMATES EN LIMACHE
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Date
2017
Authors
MOREIRA MERCADO, DAVID ALEXANDER
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Abstract
Esta investigación propone el re-diseño de los invernaderos para las plantaciones de tomate en la ciudad de Limache,buscando mejorar la climatización en los espacios de cultivo al potenciar la ventilación natural, reconociendo lastécnicas de fabricación local.Actualmente, las temperaturas al interior de los invernaderos pueden alcanzar los 45 ºC en período de verano y losniveles de humedad relativa alcanzan el 100% en época de invierno. Ambos casos son perjudiciales para la calidad delos tomates cultivados, como para la salud de los trabajadores agrícolas que desempeñan sus labores diariamente alinterior de estos invernaderos. Dichos problemas en la climatización se pueden resolver aumentando la frecuencia delcambio de aire por hora (ACH) mediante la mejora de la ventilación natural.En el mercado existe una oferta de construcción de invernaderos de alta tecnología, pero esta no es implementadapor los agricultores de tomate, a causa de su alto costo y complejidad en la implementación. Considerando estasituación, la propuesta incorpora como condición de diseño el Saber Hacer Local del caso de estudio (técnicas deconstrucción, materialidad y costos, principalmente). El trabajo postula que cualquier innovación que se haga en estecontexto, necesariamente tiene que considerar el saber hacer local a fin de tener la receptividad necesaria para quese pueda propagar entre los agricultores del rubro.El proceso de investigación consta de 3 etapas : En primer lugar, se determinan los requerimientos climáticos aalcanzar, considerando rangos admisibles tanto para las personas como para las plantas de tomates; a continuación,determinar el invernadero tipo del caso de estudio, el que se utilizará como línea base en los análisis que definirán losfundamentos de diseño de las propuestas.En una segunda etapa, se estudian los parámetros de diseño de la línea base y su incidencia en la ventilación, medianteprocedimiento experimental con un túnel de viento, esto ha permitido obtener resultados cualitativos, lo que conllevóa un primer acercamiento acerca de los factores a considerar en el nuevo diseño.En una tercera etapa de investigación y utilizando las conclusiones del proceso anterior, se ponderó el efecto de losparámetros de diseño en la ventilación, mediante el uso de simulaciones de Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional(CFD) obteniendo resultados cualitativos, lo que permitió analizar las correlaciones entre parámetros de diseños y laefectividad de la climatización respecto de los requerimientos climáticos establecidos en esta investigación.El resultado de este estudio es un catálogo con 3 alternativas distintas, correspondientes cada una a una topologíaindependiente, las cuales satisfacen los requerimientos en distinta medida e implican distintas consideraciones encuanto a la implementación.
This research proposes the re-design of the greenhouses for the tomato plantations in the city of Limache, seekingto improve the air conditioning in the spaces of cultivation by enhancing the natural ventilation, recognizing thetechniques of local manufacture.At present, the temperatures inside the greenhouses can reach 45 ºC in the summer period and the relative humiditylevels reach 100% in the winter season. Both cases are detrimental to the quality of the cultivated tomatoes, as wellas to the health of agricultural workers who perform their daily work inside these greenhouses. Such problems in airconditioning can be solved by increasing the frequency of air changes per hour (ACH) by improving natural ventilation.In the market there is an offer of construction of high tech greenhouses, but this is not implemented by tomato farmers,because of its high cost and complexity in implementation. Considering this situation, the proposal incorporates asa condition of design the Local Make of the case study (construction techniques, materiality and costs, mainly). Thepaper postulates that any innovation that is made in this context, necessarily has to consider the local know-how inorder to have the necessary receptivity so that it can be propagated among the farmers of the sector.The research process consists of three stages: Firstly, the climatic requirements to be reached are determined,considering allowable ranges for both individuals and tomato plants; Then determine the greenhouse type of the casestudy, which will be used as baseline in the analyzes that will define the basics of design proposals.In a second stage, the design parameters of the baseline and their incidence in ventilation were studied, by meansof an experimental procedure with a wind tunnel, this has allowed to obtain qualitative results, which entailed a firstapproach on the factors to Consider in the new design.In a third stage of research and using the conclusions of the previous process, the effect of the design parameters onthe ventilation was weighted, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations obtaining qualitative results,which allowed to analyze the correlations Between parameters of designs and the effectiveness of the air conditioningwith respect to the climatic requirements established in this research.The result of this study is a catalog with 3 different alternatives, each corresponding to an independent topology,which satisfy the requirements to different extent and imply different considerations regarding the implementation.
This research proposes the re-design of the greenhouses for the tomato plantations in the city of Limache, seekingto improve the air conditioning in the spaces of cultivation by enhancing the natural ventilation, recognizing thetechniques of local manufacture.At present, the temperatures inside the greenhouses can reach 45 ºC in the summer period and the relative humiditylevels reach 100% in the winter season. Both cases are detrimental to the quality of the cultivated tomatoes, as wellas to the health of agricultural workers who perform their daily work inside these greenhouses. Such problems in airconditioning can be solved by increasing the frequency of air changes per hour (ACH) by improving natural ventilation.In the market there is an offer of construction of high tech greenhouses, but this is not implemented by tomato farmers,because of its high cost and complexity in implementation. Considering this situation, the proposal incorporates asa condition of design the Local Make of the case study (construction techniques, materiality and costs, mainly). Thepaper postulates that any innovation that is made in this context, necessarily has to consider the local know-how inorder to have the necessary receptivity so that it can be propagated among the farmers of the sector.The research process consists of three stages: Firstly, the climatic requirements to be reached are determined,considering allowable ranges for both individuals and tomato plants; Then determine the greenhouse type of the casestudy, which will be used as baseline in the analyzes that will define the basics of design proposals.In a second stage, the design parameters of the baseline and their incidence in ventilation were studied, by meansof an experimental procedure with a wind tunnel, this has allowed to obtain qualitative results, which entailed a firstapproach on the factors to Consider in the new design.In a third stage of research and using the conclusions of the previous process, the effect of the design parameters onthe ventilation was weighted, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations obtaining qualitative results,which allowed to analyze the correlations Between parameters of designs and the effectiveness of the air conditioningwith respect to the climatic requirements established in this research.The result of this study is a catalog with 3 different alternatives, each corresponding to an independent topology,which satisfy the requirements to different extent and imply different considerations regarding the implementation.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
CLIMATIZACION , DISENO DE INVERNADEROS , LIMACHE , PLANTACIONES DE TOMATE