Publication: METODOLOGÍA DE EVALUACIÓN DE PÉRDIDAS DE AGUA POTABLE Y ANÁLISIS DE FACTIBILIDAD DE MEDICIÓN CONTINÚA EN GRANDES CONDUCCIONES. CASO: GRAN ALIMENTADORA- VALPARAÍSO
Date
2017
Authors
RAMÍREZ ROJAS, MARÍA DE LOS ANGELES
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Abstract
La gestión de pérdidas de Agua Potable es un proceso relevante para las compañías sanitarias a nivel nacional. Las pérdidas pueden separarse en técnicas y comerciales. Las pérdidas técnicas se refieren principalmente a fugas en los elementos de distribución de agua potable como conducciones, matrices, arranques y elementos de la red; mientras que las pérdidas comerciales se dan por la sub-medición y el consumo no autorizado de agua.El presente trabajo se centra en la gran conducción que suministra el agua potable a Valparaíso, comúnmente llamada “Gran Alimentadora”, la cual obtiene su caudal desde el Estanque Lyon (estanque ubicado en la subida a Cerro Barón antes de llegar a La Planchada, cercano a subida Santos Ossa). Ésta abarca el sector centro de Valparaíso, desde la Avenida Alemania hasta calle Colón aproximadamente, a través de conducciones de derivación de agua potable.El proceso de esta investigación consistirá en realizar mediciones de caudal en cámaras de ventosas de la Gran Alimentadora y en sus derivaciones. De esta forma, se determinará el caudal nocturno que consume cada sector abastecido por la Gran Alimentadora. Además, se tendrán datos del volumen de agua producido por el Estanque Lyon y del volumen de agua facturado. Estos valores darán como resultado el volumen total de agua que se perdió el 2016, el cual tiene un componente de pérdida técnica y de pérdida comercial.De esta manera, con los valores de caudal nocturno para cada sector de derivación y el volumen de pérdida total, se puede aplicar la metodología BABE (Burst and Background Estimates). Con esta herramienta se estiman las fugas de fondo que se producen y el uso normal nocturno que debería existir por sector con respecto al caudal nocturno medido en terrenoA su vez, se estima la presión mínima nocturna correspondiente al caudal mínimo nocturno medido por sector. Esta se obtiene modelando la red en el software WaterCAD. Para ello, se ingresan las demandas de caudal en los nodos de demanda de la red correspondientes por sector, obteniéndose así, la presión para cada nodo.Teniendo los valores de caudal nocturno, presión y volumen de pérdidas ya definidos, se aplica una metodología propia de ESVAL para calcular el porcentaje de pérdida técnica y comercial. Estos porcentajes de pérdidas se utilizarán luego para poder obtener el Índice de Fugas en la Infraestructura (ILI, por sus siglas en inglés).La parte final de la memoria se centra en un análisis de factibilidad de instalación de equipos de medición continua de caudal, teniendo en cuenta costos de renovación de redes y/o equipos, costos de inspección de fugas, contratistas y costos de compra e instalación de estos equipos. La cantidad de equipos a instalar está dada por los sectores con mayor pérdida total, instalando los equipos en puntos que agrupan derivaciones de la Gran Alimentadora.
Loss management of Drinking Water is a relevant process for the sanitary companies in a national level. The losses can be separated on technical and commercials. The technical losses are referring to leaks in the distribution elements of drinking water like ducts, matrix, pulling outs and networks elements; the commercial losses are given due to the sub-measuring and the not allowed consumption of water.This research focuses on the great conduction that delivers the drinking water supply to Valparaíso, commonly called “Big feeder”, which obtains its flow from Estanque Lyon (located in the Cerro Baron before reaching to La Planchada, near to Santos Ossa). This spans the center of Valparaiso, from Avenida Alemania until Colon Street approximately, through bypass pipes of drinking water.The process consists on making measures of the flow in suction cup chambers from the Big Feeder, and in the derivations of this one, to determine the nocturnal flow that consumes each provided sector by the Great Feeder. Moreover, there are water volume data produced by Estanque Lyon and registered water volume; with these values it is obtained the total of water that it was lost in 2016, which has a technical loss and commercial loss.With the night flow values for each sector of derivation and the total volume loss, it is applied the BABE (Burst and Background Estimates) methodology to estimate the background leaks that are produced and the average night use that should be exist per sector regarding to the night flow measured on terrain.It is estimates that the minimum night pressure corresponds to the minimum flow measured per sector. This can be obtained modeling the network on the WaterCAD software. For that, the demands of the flow are entered on the nodes of demand of the corresponding network per sector, thus obtaining, the pressure for each node.Having the night flow values, pressure and loss volume already defined, it is applied an ESVAL’s own methodology to calculate the percentage of technical and commercial loss. These percentages of loss are used then to obtain the Index Loss in Infrastructure (ILI, for their acronym in English)The final part of the memory is focused in a feasibility analysis of equipment install of continuing measure of the flow, considering the costs of renovation of network and/or equipment, leaks inspection equipment, contractors and purchase costs and installment of these equipment. The amount of equipment to install is given by the sectors with greater total loss, installing the equipment on points that tie derivations from the Big Feeder.
Loss management of Drinking Water is a relevant process for the sanitary companies in a national level. The losses can be separated on technical and commercials. The technical losses are referring to leaks in the distribution elements of drinking water like ducts, matrix, pulling outs and networks elements; the commercial losses are given due to the sub-measuring and the not allowed consumption of water.This research focuses on the great conduction that delivers the drinking water supply to Valparaíso, commonly called “Big feeder”, which obtains its flow from Estanque Lyon (located in the Cerro Baron before reaching to La Planchada, near to Santos Ossa). This spans the center of Valparaiso, from Avenida Alemania until Colon Street approximately, through bypass pipes of drinking water.The process consists on making measures of the flow in suction cup chambers from the Big Feeder, and in the derivations of this one, to determine the nocturnal flow that consumes each provided sector by the Great Feeder. Moreover, there are water volume data produced by Estanque Lyon and registered water volume; with these values it is obtained the total of water that it was lost in 2016, which has a technical loss and commercial loss.With the night flow values for each sector of derivation and the total volume loss, it is applied the BABE (Burst and Background Estimates) methodology to estimate the background leaks that are produced and the average night use that should be exist per sector regarding to the night flow measured on terrain.It is estimates that the minimum night pressure corresponds to the minimum flow measured per sector. This can be obtained modeling the network on the WaterCAD software. For that, the demands of the flow are entered on the nodes of demand of the corresponding network per sector, thus obtaining, the pressure for each node.Having the night flow values, pressure and loss volume already defined, it is applied an ESVAL’s own methodology to calculate the percentage of technical and commercial loss. These percentages of loss are used then to obtain the Index Loss in Infrastructure (ILI, for their acronym in English)The final part of the memory is focused in a feasibility analysis of equipment install of continuing measure of the flow, considering the costs of renovation of network and/or equipment, leaks inspection equipment, contractors and purchase costs and installment of these equipment. The amount of equipment to install is given by the sectors with greater total loss, installing the equipment on points that tie derivations from the Big Feeder.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
GRAN ALIMENTADORA, VALPARAISO , MEDICION CONTINUA DE CAUDAL , PERDIDAS DE AGUA POTABLE