Publication: "FORMULACIÓN DE UN MODELO DE PROGRAMACION LINEAL PARA EL CÁLCULO DE LA CAPACIDAD PRODUCTIVA EFECIVA DE UNA EMPRESA AEROCOMERCIAL".
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Date
2016
Authors
HERRERA MORENO, GUILLERMO ORLANDO
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Abstract
El presente proyecto nace de la necesidad por parte Aerocardal Limitada, empresa experta en el mercado de los vuelos ejecutivos, aeromédico y chárter, por conocer la capacidad productiva alcanzable, de acuerdo a la flota de aviones disponible, capacidad humana y respetando la normativa vigente. Así es como, basado en los conceptos de la Investigación de Operaciones, se diseñó un modelo de Programación Lineal y una herramienta computacional que resuelva el problema de maximización, siendo capaz de determinar la cantidad de vuelos que se pueden efectuar al mes, las tripulaciones disponibles para cada aeronave y las variables asociadas a los pilotos y sus tiempos de vuelo.La investigación realizada concluyó con la clasificación de las causas que limitan la capacidad en cinco categorías, que incluye el número de pilotos y sus habilitaciones de tipo; disponibilidad mensual por mantenimiento; la normativa aeronáutica que regula los tiempos de vuelo y asigna periodos de descanso; vuelos itinerantes cuyas características difieren de los vuelos no regulares; y la repartición homogénea de los contratos de trabajo entre las tripulaciones y aeronaves para evitar la sobreutilización de recursos.Usando como base una flota de 11 aeronaves y 12 pilotos, el modelo asignó una capacidad efectiva de 385,4 [h/mes], siendo el periodo de servicio de vuelo de los pilotos, asociado al descanso legal que deben cumplir, el principal factor limitante. Con esta capacidad efectiva, la empresa alcanza una eficiencia del 65,5% con respecto a los datos de operación del último año analizado, llegando al 82,1% de utilización de flota durante el mes de mayor actividad. Además, se analizó la posibilidad de reducir el número de pilotos disponibles con el fin de acercar la capacidad efectiva con la demandada, logrando una caída del 3% en el valor óptimo obtenido inicialmente. Luego, se hizo el análisis contrario, aumentando en tres los pilotos habilitados para un tipo de aeronave que hace vuelos itinerantes, logrando un aumento del 10% en la capacidad efectiva de la empresa. Así, la herramienta diseñada muestra un buen comportamiento analizando los cambios en las variables que afectan directamente a la capacidad de la flota, con el objetivo en que preste utilidad en el área de Operaciones de la empresa.
This Project has born from the need of Aerocardal Limitada, leader company in executive, aeromedical and charter flights, to determine its productive capacity, per its aircraft fleet, human resources and respecting the current regulations. Therefore, a Linear Programming model and a computational tool were designed, based in Operations Research concepts, to resolve the maximization problem, being able to determine the number of flights in a monthly basis, available flight crews to each aircraft, and variables associated to pilots and their flight time.The initial investigation concluded with the classification of the causes that restrict the capacity. The five categories include: number of pilots and aircraft type ratings; aircrafts monthly availability; aeronautical regulation which controls maximum flight times and assigns rest periods; scheduled flights, which features differ from non-scheduled flights; and the uniform distribution of flight contracts among crews and aircrafts, avoiding the overuse of the flight resources.Using as base a 11-aircraft fleet and 12 pilots, the model assigned 385,4 [h/month] Aerocardal Effective Capacity, with the Flight Service Period, linked to legal rest period, as the main constraint factor. With this Effective Capacity, the Company reaches 65,5% efficiency, according to operation data from the last analyzed year, reaching 82,1% fleet utilization during the busiest month of that year. Additionally, the possibility of reducing the number of available pilots was analyzed, in order to reduce the gap between effective capacity and the demanded one, achieving a 3% fall in the optimal value initially measured. Subsequently, the opposite analysis was made, increasing by three the number of type rated pilots in one of the aircrafts which does scheduled flights, achieving a 10% increase in the company effective capacity. Thereby, the designed tool shows a good performance analyzing the variables changes which impact directly to the fleet capacity, in order to be useful in the company.
This Project has born from the need of Aerocardal Limitada, leader company in executive, aeromedical and charter flights, to determine its productive capacity, per its aircraft fleet, human resources and respecting the current regulations. Therefore, a Linear Programming model and a computational tool were designed, based in Operations Research concepts, to resolve the maximization problem, being able to determine the number of flights in a monthly basis, available flight crews to each aircraft, and variables associated to pilots and their flight time.The initial investigation concluded with the classification of the causes that restrict the capacity. The five categories include: number of pilots and aircraft type ratings; aircrafts monthly availability; aeronautical regulation which controls maximum flight times and assigns rest periods; scheduled flights, which features differ from non-scheduled flights; and the uniform distribution of flight contracts among crews and aircrafts, avoiding the overuse of the flight resources.Using as base a 11-aircraft fleet and 12 pilots, the model assigned 385,4 [h/month] Aerocardal Effective Capacity, with the Flight Service Period, linked to legal rest period, as the main constraint factor. With this Effective Capacity, the Company reaches 65,5% efficiency, according to operation data from the last analyzed year, reaching 82,1% fleet utilization during the busiest month of that year. Additionally, the possibility of reducing the number of available pilots was analyzed, in order to reduce the gap between effective capacity and the demanded one, achieving a 3% fall in the optimal value initially measured. Subsequently, the opposite analysis was made, increasing by three the number of type rated pilots in one of the aircrafts which does scheduled flights, achieving a 10% increase in the company effective capacity. Thereby, the designed tool shows a good performance analyzing the variables changes which impact directly to the fleet capacity, in order to be useful in the company.
Description
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Keywords
EMPRESA AEROCOMERCIAL , MODELO DE PROGRAMACION LINEAL , PRODUCTIVA EFECTIVA