Publication: "MÉTODOS MODERNOS DE DEMOLICIÓN CONTROLADA"
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Date
2017
Authors
SANDOVAL SILVA, CÉSAR ANTONIO
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Abstract
Hasta comienzos del año 2016 se han construido más de 30.000 edificios en Chile, concentrándose el 60% de estos en la región Metropolitana. Se ha privilegiado la densificación de las ciudades entre otras razones por la necesidad de la población de acercarse a los centros urbanos, y la escasez de suelo disponible para construir, lo que gradualmente ha provocado la proliferación de edificios habitacionales en altura.Ya sea por deterioro, daño estructural o porque alcanzarán su vida útil de diseño, se estima que para el año 2050 crecerá fuertemente la demanda en proyectos de demolición de torres en el centro de las ciudades. Debido a que en Chile la construcción de edificios habitacionales en altura se realiza en un 100% en base a estructuras de hormigón armado fuertemente reforzado, no se pueden aplicar a estas estructuras métodos de demolición tradicionales como demolición por bola de impacto, demolición por detonación o uso de lanza térmica. Para lograr demoler edificios de gran altura en contextos urbanos de alta densidad, se requerirá del uso combinado de distintos métodos de demolición que aseguren ejecutar las labores con precisión, de forma eficiente y controlada en todos sus aspectos.La presente memoria tiene por objetivo dar a conocer distintos métodos modernos de demolición que están siendo ocupados gradualmente en proyectos de pequeña y mediana envergadura por empresas nacionales, como el corte con disco diamantado, corte con hilo diamantado, cuñas expansivas, morteros expansivos no explosivos y mordazas de demolición de gran alcance, estableciendo las ventajas y desventajas de cada uno de ellos, y determinando su viabilidad económica a gran escala.Para ello, se desarrolla un proyecto de demolición completo para un caso tipo que reúne las características de los proyectos a demoler que demandará el mercado a futuro, utilizando de forma combinada las distintas técnicas estudiadas.
Until the beginning of 2016, more than 30,000 buildings have been built in Chile, with 60% of them concentrated in the Metropolitan Region. The densification of cities has been favored, among other reasons, due to the population's need to approach urban centers and the scarcity of land available for construction, which has gradually led to the proliferation of high-rise residential buildings.Whether due to deterioration, structural damage or because they will reach their design life, it is estimated that by 2050 demand for tower demolition projects in the city center will grow strongly. Due to the fact that in Chile the construction of high-rise residential buildings is 100% based on heavily reinforced reinforced concrete structures, traditional demolition methods such as impact ball demolition, detonation demolition or use of thermal lance. In order to demolish high-rise buildings in high-density urban settings, it will require the combined use of different demolition methods to ensure that work is performed accurately, in an efficient and controlled manner in all its aspects.The purpose of this report is to present various modern methods of demolition that are gradually being used in small and medium-sized projects by national companies, such as cutting with diamond disc, cutting with diamond wire, expansive wedges, non-explosive expansive mortars and high reach demolition jaws, establishing the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, and determining their economic viability on a large scale.For this, a complete demolition project is developed for a typical case that combines the characteristics of the projects to be demolished that will demand the future market, using in combination the different techniques studied.
Until the beginning of 2016, more than 30,000 buildings have been built in Chile, with 60% of them concentrated in the Metropolitan Region. The densification of cities has been favored, among other reasons, due to the population's need to approach urban centers and the scarcity of land available for construction, which has gradually led to the proliferation of high-rise residential buildings.Whether due to deterioration, structural damage or because they will reach their design life, it is estimated that by 2050 demand for tower demolition projects in the city center will grow strongly. Due to the fact that in Chile the construction of high-rise residential buildings is 100% based on heavily reinforced reinforced concrete structures, traditional demolition methods such as impact ball demolition, detonation demolition or use of thermal lance. In order to demolish high-rise buildings in high-density urban settings, it will require the combined use of different demolition methods to ensure that work is performed accurately, in an efficient and controlled manner in all its aspects.The purpose of this report is to present various modern methods of demolition that are gradually being used in small and medium-sized projects by national companies, such as cutting with diamond disc, cutting with diamond wire, expansive wedges, non-explosive expansive mortars and high reach demolition jaws, establishing the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, and determining their economic viability on a large scale.For this, a complete demolition project is developed for a typical case that combines the characteristics of the projects to be demolished that will demand the future market, using in combination the different techniques studied.
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Keywords
CORTE DIAMANTADO , DEMOLICION , EDIFICACION