Thesis CARACTERIZACIÓN GENERAL DEL EMPLEO INMIGRANTE EN CHILE Y ANÁLISIS DE VARIABLES SALARIALES
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Date
2018
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Campus Vitacura Santiago
Abstract
Actualmente en el país el porcentaje de extranjeros es mayor al de los años anteriores y se prevé que seguirá aumentando de manera paulatina.Esta investigación recoge la necesidad de caracterizar sociodemográfica a esta población en Chile, analizar las variables educacionales y personales que afectan su salario y establecer si realmente existe una diferencia en los sueldos de chilenos en comparación a los de extranjeros.Además se dará a conocer el nivel de desigualdad dentro de ambas poblaciones ( chilenos e inmigrantes), no sin antes exponer los antecedentes que la contextualizan y estudios anteriormente realizados tanto internacionalmente como a nivel país.Algunos resultados interesantes son que según país de origen la mayoría de la población migrante proviene de Perú (30%), Colombia (13,6%), Argentina (11,9%) y Bolivia (10,1%). De estos un 51,9% son mujeres y 48,1% hombres. La mayor proporción se encuentra entre las edades 30 a 44 años (34,9%). Las regiones con mayor extranjeros son: Tarapacá con 6,6 % de la población total inmigrante, Antofagasta también con un 6,6%, Valparaíso con un 5,5% y la principal es la región metropolitana con un 69,1% del total. Los años promedio de escolaridad de migrantes son 12,6 y los de la población chilena 11 años. La tasa de ocupación es mayor en ambos sexos en la población extranjera y comparando con el total de la población inmigrante dónde más se encuentran concentrados es en Comercio, Hoteles y Restaurantes y Hogares privados con servicio doméstico.En cuanto a las variables con mayor significancia en el modelo para el salario de extranjeros se obtuvieron las siguientes: “tipocontrato” tipo de contrato del trabajador, “tipotrabajo” (tipo de período) y “escolaridad” años totales de escolaridad.En cuanto a las variables con mayor significancia en el modelo para el salario de chilenos se obtuvieron las siguientes: “tipocontrato” nuevamente, “tipotrabajo” y “tipohorario” tipo de horario de trabajo.Mediante análisis econométrico se concluye que ambas poblaciones poseen diferencias promedio de salario y que la población inmigrante presenta mayor desigualdad que la chilena.Aún queda camino por recorrer en materia de legislación, pero dado el crecimiento paulatino de la población extranjera en chile es necesario actualizar leyes (cómo se está haciendo hoy en día en el gobierno) sobre esta materia para una exitosa inclusión que beneficie a ambas poblaciones y al crecimiento del país.
Currently in the country the percentage of foreigners is higher than in previous years and is expected to continue to increase gradually.This research includes the need to characterize this population in Chile, analyze the educational and personal variables that affect their salary and establish whether there really is a difference in the salaries of Chileans compared to those of foreigners.In addition, the level of inequality within both populations (Chileans and immigrants) will be known, but not before exposing the background that contextualizes it and studies previously conducted both internationally and nationally.Some interesting results are that according to the country of origin the majority of the migrant population comes from Peru (30%), Colombia (13.6%), Argentina (11.9%) and Bolivia (10.1%). Of these, 51.9% are women and 48.1% are men. The highest proportion is between the ages of 30 to 44 years (34.9%). The regions with the most foreigners are: Tarapacá with 6.6% of the total immigrant population, Antofagasta also with 6.6%, Valparaíso with 5.5% and the main one is the metropolitan region with 69.1% of the total. The average years of schooling of migrants are 12.6 and those of the Chilean population 11 years. The employment rate is higher in both sexes in the foreign population and compared to the total immigrant population where they are concentrated is in Commerce, Hotels and Restaurants and private households with domestic service.Regarding the variables with greater significance in the model for the salary of foreigners, the following were obtained: "tipocontrato” type of contract of the worker, "tipohorario" and "escolaridad" total years of schooling.Regarding the variables with greater significance in the model for the salary of Chileans, the following were obtained: "tipocontrato" again, "tipotrabajo" and "tipohorario" type of work schedule.Through econometric analysis, it is concluded that both populations have average salary differences and that the immigrant population has greater inequality than the Chilean population.There is still a long way to go in terms of legislation, but given the gradual growth of the foreign population in Chile it is necessary to update laws (as is being done today in the government) on this matter for a successful inclusion that benefits both populations and national economic growth.
Currently in the country the percentage of foreigners is higher than in previous years and is expected to continue to increase gradually.This research includes the need to characterize this population in Chile, analyze the educational and personal variables that affect their salary and establish whether there really is a difference in the salaries of Chileans compared to those of foreigners.In addition, the level of inequality within both populations (Chileans and immigrants) will be known, but not before exposing the background that contextualizes it and studies previously conducted both internationally and nationally.Some interesting results are that according to the country of origin the majority of the migrant population comes from Peru (30%), Colombia (13.6%), Argentina (11.9%) and Bolivia (10.1%). Of these, 51.9% are women and 48.1% are men. The highest proportion is between the ages of 30 to 44 years (34.9%). The regions with the most foreigners are: Tarapacá with 6.6% of the total immigrant population, Antofagasta also with 6.6%, Valparaíso with 5.5% and the main one is the metropolitan region with 69.1% of the total. The average years of schooling of migrants are 12.6 and those of the Chilean population 11 years. The employment rate is higher in both sexes in the foreign population and compared to the total immigrant population where they are concentrated is in Commerce, Hotels and Restaurants and private households with domestic service.Regarding the variables with greater significance in the model for the salary of foreigners, the following were obtained: "tipocontrato” type of contract of the worker, "tipohorario" and "escolaridad" total years of schooling.Regarding the variables with greater significance in the model for the salary of Chileans, the following were obtained: "tipocontrato" again, "tipotrabajo" and "tipohorario" type of work schedule.Through econometric analysis, it is concluded that both populations have average salary differences and that the immigrant population has greater inequality than the Chilean population.There is still a long way to go in terms of legislation, but given the gradual growth of the foreign population in Chile it is necessary to update laws (as is being done today in the government) on this matter for a successful inclusion that benefits both populations and national economic growth.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO, INMIGRACION, VARIABLES SALARIALES