Thesis ESTUDIO DE LA TRANSFORMACIÓN PERITECTOIDE DEL SISTEMA Ti-Pt EN EL RANGO DE COMPOSICIÓN 30-50 AT.% Pt
Loading...
Date
2018
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Campus
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El diagrama de fases Ti-Pt presenta desafíos al momento de entender el equilibrio de fases y las transformaciones de fases que ocurren en el rango de composición 30 a 50 at.% Pt. Existen dudas acerca de la existencia de la reacción invariante peritectoide que ocurre a aproximadamente 1205 °C y 42 at.% Pt propuesta por Biggs et al. [1]. Los resultados obtenidos en el trabajo de doctorado Tello [2] no fueron concluyentes en demostrar la existencia de esta reacción invariante, por lo que propuso una transformación de fases del tipo masiva.Para confirmar la transformación, se fabricaron aleaciones de composición Ti-41,7, 42,8, 43,4 y 44 at.% Pt en un horno eléctrico de electrodo no consumible en condiciones de alto vacío, a partir de elementos de alta pureza (5N) en el Instituto Max-Planck de la ciudad de Dresden, Alemania. Posteriormente, muestras de estas aleaciones fueron estudiadas a través de experimentos de calorimetría a distintas velocidades de calentamiento. Además, las muestras se caracterizaron metalográficamente usando microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) tanto en estado as-cast como tratadas térmicamente.Las microestructuras de las aleaciones Ti-41,7, 42,8 y 43,4 at.% Pt en condición as-cast caracterizadas con (SEM) son similares y consiste en dendritas de la fase Ti4Pt3, fase ¿-TiPt en el centro y periferia de estas dendritas y eutéctico (Ti3Pt+Ti4Pt3) en las regiones interdendríticas. Muestras de las diferentes aleaciones fueron tratadas térmicamente a 1000 °C por 168 horas seguido de temple en agua (TT1), a 1000 °C por 336 horas seguido de temple en agua (TT2), 1000 °C por 168 horas +1000 °C por 336 horas seguido de temple en agua (TT3) y a 1260 °C por 2 horas seguido de temple en agua (TT4 sólo a la aleación de 44Pt).Las microestructura de las aleaciones 42,8Pt y 43,4Pt at.% Pt tratadas térmicamente según TT1, TT2 y TT3 consisten en fase Ti4Pt3 con algunas trazas de fase ¿-TiPt lo cual sugiere que estas dos composiciones caen dentro del rango monofásico de la fase Ti4Pt3. La microestructura de la aleación 41,7 tratada térmicamente según TT1, TT2 y TT3 consiste en dendritas de Ti4Pt3 y una mezcla de fases (Ti4Pt3+Ti3Pt+Ti5Pt3) en las regiones interdendriticas. Por otra parte, en la aleación 44,0Pt tratada térmicamente según TT4 el intermetálico Ti5Pt3 fue observado formando una mezcla de fases Ti5Pt3 + ¿-TiPt, por lo tanto, se puede sugerir que esta es una fase que nuclea a una temperatura superior a 1260 °C.Los resultados de la caracterización metalográfica y los experimentos de calorimetría sugieren que pueden desarrollarse dos reacciones peritectoides, la de mayor temperatura, sobre 1260 °C, consistiría en ¿-TiPt+Ti3Pt¿Ti5Pt3 mientras que otra podría ocurrir a una temperatura próxima a 1200 °C y consistiría en ¿-TiPt +Ti5Pt3¿Ti4Pt3. Además, se propone la existencia de una reacción eutectoide dado los resultados de calorimetría realizados a una rapidez de 10 K/min, y que ocurriría a una temperatura aproximada a los 970 °C. Esta última reacción consistiría en Ti5Pt3¿Ti4Pt3+Ti3Pt.
The Ti-Pt phase diagram presents challenges when understanding the phase equilibrium and the phase transformations that occur in the 30 to 50 at.% Pt composition range. There are some doubts regarding the existence of the peritectoid reaction that occurs at approximately at 1205 °C and 42 at.% Pt proposed by Biggs et al. [1]. The results obtained in the doctoral work done by Tello [2] were inconclusive in demonstrating the existence of this invariant reaction and proposed a massive-type transformation.To confirm the transformation, alloys with the following composition Ti-41.7, 42.8, 43.4 and 44.0 at.% Pt, were manufactured from high purity elements (5N) using a non-consumable electric arc furnace working under conditions of high vacuum at the Max-Planck Institute in the city of Dresden, Germany. Subsequently, samples of these alloys were studied through calorimetry experiments at different heating rates. In addition, samples were characterized metalographically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in both, as-cast and thermally treated conditions.The microstructure of the alloys Ti-41.7, 42.8 y 43.4 at.% Pt in the as-cast condition is similar in the three alloys and consist in dendrites of the Ti4Pt3 phase, ¿-TiPt phase in the center and periphery of the dendrites, and the eutectic Ti3Pt+Ti4Pt3 in the interdendritic regions. Sample of different alloys were thermally treated at 1000 °C for 168 hours followed by quenching in water (TT1), at 1000 °C for 336 hours followed by quenching in water (TT2), at 1000 °C for 168 hours+1000 °C for 336 hours followed by quenching in water (TT3), and at 1260 °C for 2 hours followed by quenching in water (TT4 only to the alloy of 44Pt).The microstructure of alloys 42.8 and 43.4 at.% Pt thermally treated according to TT1, TT2 and TT3, consist of phase Ti4Pt3 with some traces of phase ¿-TiPt, which suggests that these two compositions fall within the monophasic range of the Ti4Pt3 phase. The microstructure of the alloy 41.7 at.% Pt thermally treated according to TT1, TT2 and TT3 consists of Ti4Pt3 dendrites and a mixture of phases (Ti4Pt3+Ti3Pt+Ti5Pt3) in the interdendritic regions. On the other hand, in the alloy 44.0 at.% Pt treated thermally according to TT4, the intermetallic Ti5Pt3 was observed forming a mixture of phases Ti5Pt3 + ¿-TiPt, therefore, it can be suggested that this is a phase that nucleates at a temperature higher than 1260 ° C.The results of the metallographic characterization and the calorimetry experiments suggest that two peritectoid reactions can be developed: the one at higher temperature, about 1260 ° C, would consist of ¿-TiPt + Ti3Pt¿Ti5Pt3 while the another could occur at a temperature close to 1200 ° C and would consist of ¿-TiPt + Ti5Pt3¿Ti4Pt3. In addition, the existence of an eutectoid reaction is proposed given the results of calorimetry performed at a rate of 10 K / min, and which would occur at a temperature of approximately 970 ° C. This last reaction would consist of Ti5Pt3¿Ti4Pt3 + Ti3Pt.
The Ti-Pt phase diagram presents challenges when understanding the phase equilibrium and the phase transformations that occur in the 30 to 50 at.% Pt composition range. There are some doubts regarding the existence of the peritectoid reaction that occurs at approximately at 1205 °C and 42 at.% Pt proposed by Biggs et al. [1]. The results obtained in the doctoral work done by Tello [2] were inconclusive in demonstrating the existence of this invariant reaction and proposed a massive-type transformation.To confirm the transformation, alloys with the following composition Ti-41.7, 42.8, 43.4 and 44.0 at.% Pt, were manufactured from high purity elements (5N) using a non-consumable electric arc furnace working under conditions of high vacuum at the Max-Planck Institute in the city of Dresden, Germany. Subsequently, samples of these alloys were studied through calorimetry experiments at different heating rates. In addition, samples were characterized metalographically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in both, as-cast and thermally treated conditions.The microstructure of the alloys Ti-41.7, 42.8 y 43.4 at.% Pt in the as-cast condition is similar in the three alloys and consist in dendrites of the Ti4Pt3 phase, ¿-TiPt phase in the center and periphery of the dendrites, and the eutectic Ti3Pt+Ti4Pt3 in the interdendritic regions. Sample of different alloys were thermally treated at 1000 °C for 168 hours followed by quenching in water (TT1), at 1000 °C for 336 hours followed by quenching in water (TT2), at 1000 °C for 168 hours+1000 °C for 336 hours followed by quenching in water (TT3), and at 1260 °C for 2 hours followed by quenching in water (TT4 only to the alloy of 44Pt).The microstructure of alloys 42.8 and 43.4 at.% Pt thermally treated according to TT1, TT2 and TT3, consist of phase Ti4Pt3 with some traces of phase ¿-TiPt, which suggests that these two compositions fall within the monophasic range of the Ti4Pt3 phase. The microstructure of the alloy 41.7 at.% Pt thermally treated according to TT1, TT2 and TT3 consists of Ti4Pt3 dendrites and a mixture of phases (Ti4Pt3+Ti3Pt+Ti5Pt3) in the interdendritic regions. On the other hand, in the alloy 44.0 at.% Pt treated thermally according to TT4, the intermetallic Ti5Pt3 was observed forming a mixture of phases Ti5Pt3 + ¿-TiPt, therefore, it can be suggested that this is a phase that nucleates at a temperature higher than 1260 ° C.The results of the metallographic characterization and the calorimetry experiments suggest that two peritectoid reactions can be developed: the one at higher temperature, about 1260 ° C, would consist of ¿-TiPt + Ti3Pt¿Ti5Pt3 while the another could occur at a temperature close to 1200 ° C and would consist of ¿-TiPt + Ti5Pt3¿Ti4Pt3. In addition, the existence of an eutectoid reaction is proposed given the results of calorimetry performed at a rate of 10 K / min, and which would occur at a temperature of approximately 970 ° C. This last reaction would consist of Ti5Pt3¿Ti4Pt3 + Ti3Pt.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ANALISIS DE CALORIMETRIA, SISTEMA BINARIO TI-PT, TRANSFORMACION PERITECTOIDE