Thesis POTENCIALES EFECTOS EN EL MERCADO CHILENO DEL GAS LICUADO DE PETRÓLEO A PARTIR DE LA RECIENTE ESTIMACIÓN DE RECURSOS NO CONVENCIONALES DE GAS EN ARGENTINA.
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Date
2013-07
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. MAGÍSTER EN ECONOMÍA ENERGÉTICA
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
El gas licuado de petróleo es un combustible utilizado a nivel mundial y que en nuestro país alcanza un 4% del consumo en la matriz energética nacional. Este hidrocarburo posee propiedades por las cuales es factible transportarlo en estado líquido a alta presión a través de camiones, oleoductos y barcos. En Chile se consumen cerca de 1.200 Miles de ton anualmente, lo cual necesita una logística e infraestructura la cual posee nuestro país. Las importaciones de este producto han provenido esencialmente de Argentina, país que durante los últimos años ha disminuido sus exportaciones causado por la baja en sus precios internos de gas natural, lo que ha desincentivado la exploración de nuevos yacimientos por parte de las empresas del rubro. Esto último sumado a la declinación natural de los yacimientos gasíferos, que han bajado la producción ha significado la caída en las reservas convencionales a niveles mínimos con proyección de años de consumo de no más de 7 años con las actuales tasas de consumo. Sin embargo, la estimación realizada por la EIA durante el año 2011 proyectó que Argentina era el 3er país con mayores recursos recuperables de gas no convencional en el mundo, superado por USA y China. Basado en lo anterior esta tesis plantea un escenario razonable para las nuevas producciones de GLP esperadas en los próximos años, a partir de estimaciones de producción de gas no convencional. Los resultados de esta estimación determinan un incremento anual de un 5% de producción alcanzando niveles históricos hacia el año 2020. Chile aparece como la mejor alternativa de exportación del GLP argentino debido a la logística e infraestructura existente, además por la cercanía a la principal cuenca productora de Argentina, donde la vía marítima y sobretodo la terrestre serán las principales formas de ingreso del producto. Para alcanzar la producción incremental de GLP se estima que sería necesaria una inversión cercana a los 7.600 millones USD al año 2020, basado en la experiencia internacional para la extracción de recursos no convencionales. Desde el punto de vista estratégico, este nuevo escenario sería favorable para incrementar la competencia en el sector, a pesar de la fuerte rivalidad entre los diferentes sustitutos como el gas natural o el diesel. Sin embargo, este escenario plantearía una disminución en los precios internacionales considerando que Estados Unidos incrementaría igualmente la oferta de GLP a partir del desarrollo de sus yacimientos de gas no convencional. A nivel regional un nuevo competidor afectaría las exportaciones de GLP de Bolivia y Perú, los cuales deberían enfocarse en ser más eficientes en sus procesos y buscar nuevos mercados dentro la zona para competir en este nuevo escenario. Se determina que el mercado del GLP en Chile estaría preparado para comercializar nuevas soluciones energéticas, que incrementarían las ventas de GLP basado en este nuevo escenario estimado.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas is a fuel used worldwide and in our country reaches 4% of consumption in the national energy matrix. This hydrocarbon has properties by which it is possible to transport as liquid at high pressure through trucks, pipelines and ships. In Chile is consumed 1,200 thousand tons annually,which needs a logistics and infrastructure that our country possesses. Imports of this product have essentially came from Argentina, which in recent years has decreased its exports caused by lower domestic prices for natural gas, which has discouraged exploration of new deposits by companies in this industry. The latter combined with the natural decline of gas fields, which have lowered the production has meant the decline in conventional reserves with minimum consumption year projection of no more than 7 years at current rates of consumption. However, the estimate made by the EIA in 2011 projected that Argentina was the 3rd largest reserves of recoverable unconventional gas in the world, behind USA and China. Based on the above, this thesis considers the new LPG production expected in the coming years, based on estimates of unconventional gas. The results of this assessment determine an annual increase of 5% of production reaching historic levels by 2020. Chile appears as the best alternative to export argentine LPG due to logistics and existing infrastructure, and the proximity to the main producing basin Argentina, where the sea and the terrestrial would be the mains.To achieve incremental LPG production is estimated to be required investment of 7,600 million USD by 2020, based on international experience for the extraction of unconventional resources. From the strategic point of view, this new scenario would be favorable to increase competition in the sector, despite the rivalry between different alternatives such as natural gas or diesel. However, this scenario estimated a decline in international prices given that the U.S. also increase the supply of LPG from the development of its unconventional gas fields. At the regional level a new competitor would affect LPG exports from Bolivia and Peru, which should focus on being more efficient in their processes and find new markets within the area to compete in this new scenario. It is determined that the LPG market in Chile would be prepared to commercialize new energy solutions that would increase the sales of LPG based on this new scenario estimated.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas is a fuel used worldwide and in our country reaches 4% of consumption in the national energy matrix. This hydrocarbon has properties by which it is possible to transport as liquid at high pressure through trucks, pipelines and ships. In Chile is consumed 1,200 thousand tons annually,which needs a logistics and infrastructure that our country possesses. Imports of this product have essentially came from Argentina, which in recent years has decreased its exports caused by lower domestic prices for natural gas, which has discouraged exploration of new deposits by companies in this industry. The latter combined with the natural decline of gas fields, which have lowered the production has meant the decline in conventional reserves with minimum consumption year projection of no more than 7 years at current rates of consumption. However, the estimate made by the EIA in 2011 projected that Argentina was the 3rd largest reserves of recoverable unconventional gas in the world, behind USA and China. Based on the above, this thesis considers the new LPG production expected in the coming years, based on estimates of unconventional gas. The results of this assessment determine an annual increase of 5% of production reaching historic levels by 2020. Chile appears as the best alternative to export argentine LPG due to logistics and existing infrastructure, and the proximity to the main producing basin Argentina, where the sea and the terrestrial would be the mains.To achieve incremental LPG production is estimated to be required investment of 7,600 million USD by 2020, based on international experience for the extraction of unconventional resources. From the strategic point of view, this new scenario would be favorable to increase competition in the sector, despite the rivalry between different alternatives such as natural gas or diesel. However, this scenario estimated a decline in international prices given that the U.S. also increase the supply of LPG from the development of its unconventional gas fields. At the regional level a new competitor would affect LPG exports from Bolivia and Peru, which should focus on being more efficient in their processes and find new markets within the area to compete in this new scenario. It is determined that the LPG market in Chile would be prepared to commercialize new energy solutions that would increase the sales of LPG based on this new scenario estimated.
Description
Keywords
GAS LICUADO DE PETROLEO, HIDROCARBUROS -- ARGENTINA, GAS LICUADO DE PETROLEO -- MERCADO