Thesis Diseño de un plan de mejora para el proceso de solicitud y despacho de productos en el área de finanzas en una empresa de la industria del daily deal . Una aplicación de la estrategia six sigma
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Date
2013-11
Authors
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Program
Ingeniería Comercial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
En el desarrollo de este trabajo se propuso un plan de mejora, utilizando la metodología Six Sigma, para el proceso de solicitud y despacho de productos del área de finanzas con el fin de mejorar el manejo de inventario. Esto debido a que en el último año se han registrado pérdidas de productos derivadas de las diferencias que existen entre la cantidad de productos vendidos y la cantidad de cupones validados al final del mes. Cuando los cupones validados superan la cantidad de productos vendidos, es claro que existe una pérdida de productos, pero cuando ocurre el caso contrario, el remanente de productos no corresponde al registrado en el sistema. La primera diferencia ocasiona problemas contables ya que se debe hacer todo un estudio para lograr cuadrar la entrada de productos con la salida, lo que no siempre puede lograrse por lo que también se generan problemas fiscales. La segunda genera pérdidas de dinero debido a que los productos que sobran deben ser devueltos al comercio o se debe cancelar su valor y al no saber que paso con los productos perdidos, la empresa se ve en la obligación de cancelarlos. En una primera instancia se identificó que el principal problema eran los atrasos en el ingreso de Facturas para Inventario, lo que se obtuvo mediante el desarrollo de una lluvia de ideas y un diagrama de Ishikawa. Luego se identificaron las posibles causas de este problema mediante el desarrollo de una matriz XY, dejando 6 de 8 causas totales. Mediante la utilización de test no paramétricos y regresiones se logró identificar las causas reales de este problema que corresponden a: (X1) Encargado de bodega Quilicura no ingresa OC manual, (X2) Ingreso de facturas de Quilicura, en Central, (X3) Ingreso de orden de compra manual, (X6) Falta de mobiliario y zonas demarcadas, (X7) Vendedor no ingresa planilla. Para realizar el análisis de estas causas se contaba con los datos de julio y agosto del 2013, posteriormente al realizar el análisis del sistema de medición, se pudo apreciar una gran manipulación de datos en el mes de julio, por lo que este set de datos fue eliminado del análisis. Con lo anterior se genera un plan de implementación que involucra la generación de nuevos procedimientos, capacitaciones a usuarios de la aplicación RUNA, la utilización de las 5 S’s y la generación de medidas de control para cada solución. Esto último se realiza con el fin de que las mejoras sean sustentables y se logren sostener en el tiempo. Al realizar un proyecto utilizando la estrategia de Six Sigma, se espera que las mejoras en el proceso se logren alcanzar al sexto mes de implementación. Pero como la empresa dueña del proceso analizado es bastante pequeña, se realiza un análisis preliminar al mes de haber implementado las mejoras para observar los posibles cambios que podría estar experimentando el proceso y se plantea el período de tres meses para el cumplimiento total del objetivo de disminuir los atrasos en la actualización de inventario. Al realizar el análisis preliminar, se puede observar que el porcentaje de ocurrencia del error en el proceso pasó de 47% a un 9% lo que generó ahorros que abarcan el10% de las ganancias de la empresa. Esto implica que el objetivo se cumplió y que los datos actuales avalan el plan de mejoras planteado, de todas formas se deberá evaluar la situación al cumplir el tercer mes para evaluar si se logró llegar a cero atrasos.
An improvement plan is proposed using Six Sigma to improve inventory management. This is needed because in the last year there have been lost products, created form de differences between the amount of products sold and the number of coupons validated at the end of the month. When validated coupons exceed the amount of sold products, it is clear that there is a loss of products, but in the opposite case, the balance does not match the amount of products registered in the system. The first difference causes accounting problems and there for they must do a study to achieve product squaring input to the output, which is not always possible so it also generate tax problems. The second cause’s loss of money because the leftover products must be returned to trade or they must paid for them. If de company doesn’t know what happened to de missing items, they must paid for then, because that the only way to match de input to the output. At first the main problem was identified as the delay in the entry of documents for inventory, which was obtained by developing brainstorm and Ishikawa diagram. Then the possible causes were identified by developing an XY matrix, leaving six out of 8 possible causes. By using non-parametric tests and regressions the real causes were identified leaving the following: ( X1 ) the attendant in Quilicura doesn’t enter the OC by hand, ( X2 ) the Central enters Quilicura’s documents, ( X3 ) the amount of OC that have been enter by hand (X6 ) The lack of furniture and demarcated areas, ( X7 ) Seller not enter payroll. The data use in this analysis had some problems so we had to cut out the data of July, leaving only the data of august available for the analysis. With that in mind an implementation plan was made, this involves the generation of new procedures, training users of RUNA , the application of the 5 S 's and the generation of control measures for each solution. When a project used the Six Sigma strategy, it is expected that improvements in the process are achieved in the next the sixth month after the implementation. But as the company that owns the analyzed process is quite small there’s de need to do a preliminary analysis that is performed one month after the improvements were implemented. This, has the purpose to observe the possible changes that the process might be experiencing. Then a secondary analysis must be than considering a threemonth period for full achievement of the objective. In the preliminary analysis, we can see that the error percentage occurrence in the process went from 47 % to 9 %, which generated savings ranging of almost 10 % of the profits of the company. This implies that the objective was met and that current data support the improvement plan. The secondary analysis must be than anyway, because we need to know if the situation has improved.
An improvement plan is proposed using Six Sigma to improve inventory management. This is needed because in the last year there have been lost products, created form de differences between the amount of products sold and the number of coupons validated at the end of the month. When validated coupons exceed the amount of sold products, it is clear that there is a loss of products, but in the opposite case, the balance does not match the amount of products registered in the system. The first difference causes accounting problems and there for they must do a study to achieve product squaring input to the output, which is not always possible so it also generate tax problems. The second cause’s loss of money because the leftover products must be returned to trade or they must paid for them. If de company doesn’t know what happened to de missing items, they must paid for then, because that the only way to match de input to the output. At first the main problem was identified as the delay in the entry of documents for inventory, which was obtained by developing brainstorm and Ishikawa diagram. Then the possible causes were identified by developing an XY matrix, leaving six out of 8 possible causes. By using non-parametric tests and regressions the real causes were identified leaving the following: ( X1 ) the attendant in Quilicura doesn’t enter the OC by hand, ( X2 ) the Central enters Quilicura’s documents, ( X3 ) the amount of OC that have been enter by hand (X6 ) The lack of furniture and demarcated areas, ( X7 ) Seller not enter payroll. The data use in this analysis had some problems so we had to cut out the data of July, leaving only the data of august available for the analysis. With that in mind an implementation plan was made, this involves the generation of new procedures, training users of RUNA , the application of the 5 S 's and the generation of control measures for each solution. When a project used the Six Sigma strategy, it is expected that improvements in the process are achieved in the next the sixth month after the implementation. But as the company that owns the analyzed process is quite small there’s de need to do a preliminary analysis that is performed one month after the improvements were implemented. This, has the purpose to observe the possible changes that the process might be experiencing. Then a secondary analysis must be than considering a threemonth period for full achievement of the objective. In the preliminary analysis, we can see that the error percentage occurrence in the process went from 47 % to 9 %, which generated savings ranging of almost 10 % of the profits of the company. This implies that the objective was met and that current data support the improvement plan. The secondary analysis must be than anyway, because we need to know if the situation has improved.
Description
Keywords
Mejora de procesos, Industria daily deal, Six sigma