Thesis Implementación de norma AHM en empresas servicios aeroportuarios.
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Date
2008
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería en Aviación Comercial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
Para las aerolíneas, la calidad y la eficiencia en los procesos relacionados con las operaciones terrestres es fundamental, ya que asegurará a que se logre ofrecer un servicio de excelencia al cliente: económico, puntual y seguro. La eficiencia de los procesos junto con obtener una calidad superior, es donde juegan un rol muy importante los proveedores de ellas, las empresas de ground handling, ya que de la coordinación de sus actividades depende, el servicio que las aerolíneas prestarán a sus clientes finales. Los servicios de ground handling, incluyen actividades como: Representación de la aerolínea, administración y supervisión de las actividades que contrata con terceros, servicios al pasajero, de rampa, de soporte, de carga y correo, control de carga, comunicaciones y operaciones de vuelo, seguridad (security1) y mantenimiento de la aeronave, que serán explicados más adelante.
En el presente trabajo se estudia y se propone una metodología de implementación de un sistema de calidad para empresas de servicios aeroportuarios, basado en la norma AHM 804 y que es certificado por la Organización Internacional de Transporte Aéreo (IATA). La obtención de esta certificación garantizará que se está ofreciendo un servicio de excelencia, además de la obtención de un reconocimiento internacional, lo que le da prestigio a la compañía. El objetivo principal de esta norma es controlar la entrega del servicio en base a la adopción de indicadores. La implementación de este sistema se lleva a cabo en alrededor de 5 días, en los cuales una persona proveniente de la IATA junto con la compañía de ground handling y aerolíneas clientes implementan el sistema de calidad. Paralelo a esto, se realiza una auditoría a la empresa para otorgar la certificación. Todas las partes interesadas fijan estándares a medir para las distintas actividades que realiza la compañía de ground handling. Estos estándares deben medirse por 2 años hasta el proceso de re-certificación.
Las aerolíneas junto con la empresa de servicios aeroportuarios deben reunirse periódicamente de manera de analizar la información y así mejorar el servicio. La retroalimentación por parte del cliente es una de las bases de AHM 804.
Los costos de esta certificación corresponden a USD 15.000 para la primera certificación, (válida por 2 años), posterior a ésto se requieren re-certificaciones cada 2 años, las que tienen un costo de USD 1.5002. A ambas se les debe sumar los costos de viaje, transporte y estadía (5 días3) de la persona encargada de la implementación proveniente de la IATA. Con todo esto, los costos totales para la certificación inicial, en el caso de una empresa de ground handling ubicada en Santiago de Chile ascienden a US$ 17.399.
Con el fin de evaluar el sistema de calidad basado en AHM 804 en el capítulo 3 se describe la norma ISO 9001:2000, para posteriormente en el capítulo 5 exponer una comparación de ambas normativas. De ello se desprende que un sistema de gestión de calidad basado en ISO 9001:2000 es más global en el sentido que involucra a toda la organización y sus partes. Requiere una documentación específica para la implantación del sistema de calidad, procesos de realización del servicio, descripción de cargos y responsabilidades, con lo cual se logra una mayor claridad y transparencia dentro de la empresa. Además, incluye dentro del sistema una evaluación tanto de los proveedores como de los empleados con lo que se pueden tomar medidas para mejorar estos aspectos. Adicionalmente, exige que se implanten medidas correctivas y preventivas para la disminución de los errores. Por otra parte, el sistema de calidad basado en AHM 804 es de carácter mucho más específico incluyendo incluso una metodología ya propuesta para la implementación. Su carácter específico permite evaluar de una manera eficiente la calidad del servicio de ground handling, y que junto a una retroalimentación del cliente, permite la mejora continua del servicio entregado al mismo.
Finalmente, se puede concluir que AHM 804 es principalmente una herramienta de control de calidad, con la cual se mide, evalúa, corrige y mejora la entrega del servicio. Es por lo cual se recomienda su implementación como complemento a un sistema de calidad más completo, global y menos específico, como ISO 9001:2000. En el caso de esta norma, se puede implementar AHM 804 como metodología de control de calidad expuesta en el punto 8 de ella: Medición, Análisis y mejora, complementado con medidas preventivas que exige la misma normativa de manera de hacer más óptimo el sistema.
For the airlines, the quality and efficiency of procedures relating to ground operations is fundamental, since it will ensure that a service of excellence be offered to clients: economic, punctual and secure. The efficiency of procedures, obtaining a superior quality, is where suppliers play an important role, ground handling companies, since the coordination of its activities translate into the service that airlines provide to their ultimate clients. Ground handling services, includes activities such as: airlines representation, administration and supervision of contract activities with third parties, passenger services, ramp services, support services, load control, communications and flight operations, security, cargo and mail services and aircraft maintenance, which will be explained later. In this project, it studies and it proposes a methodology to implement a quality system for ground handling companies, based under AHM 804 regulation, which is certified by International Air Transport Association (IATA). Obtaining this certificate it will guarantee that a service of excellence is offered, besides its international recognition, which will provide prestige to the company. The main purpose of AHM 804, is to control service delivery based on the adoption of indicators. The implementation of this system will take about 5 days, whereby a consultant of IATA together with a representative of the ground handling company and airline customer, will implement quality system. Parallel to this, the consultant will undertake the Airport Handling Quality Audit, to allow the granting of the certificate. All interested parties establish measurement standards for the different activities the ground handling will perform. These standard measurements will continue for 2 years until the re-certification process begins. The airlines together with ground handling company must meet regularly in order to analyze the information and therefore to improve the service. The feedback by the customer is one of the requirements of AHM 804. Costs for this certification are US$ 15.000 for the first certification (valid for 2 years), after this, re-certifications for 2 years are required at a cost of US$ 1.5004. In both cases, additional costs of travel, ground transportation, meals and accommodation (5 days5) for the IATA representative, is in addition to the cost of the certification. Overall, the total cost for the initial certification, in the case of the ground handling company located in Santiago - Chile amounts to US$ 17.399. With the purpose of evaluating the quality system based on AHM 804 in chapter 3, it describes ISO 9001:2000 regulation, which later in chapter 5 makes a comparison of both regulations. From there, it indicates that a quality management system based on ISO 9001:2000 is global in nature which involves the whole organization and its parties. It requires a specific documentation for the implementation of quality system, procedures of service delivery, job descriptions and responsibilities, which will create clarity and transparency within the organization. Besides, included within the evaluation system to suppliers as well as employees, to whom measurements can be taken to improve this aspects. Additionally, it requires corrective and preventing measurements to reduce errors. On the other hand, the quality system based on AHM 804 is more specific, including methods already proposed for the implementation. It specific character permit to evaluate in an efficient manner the quality of ground handling service, and that with the feedback from the client, allow to better improve the service delivery by the same. Finally, it can be concluded that AHM 804 is only a tool to quality control, with which it can measure, evaluate, correct and better service delivery. Is for this reason it implementation is recommended as an added component to a quality system more complete, global and less specific, as ISO 9001:2000. In this case, the AHM 804 it can be implemented as a method of quality control, expressed in the section 8: Measurement, Analysis and Improvement, complemented by preventive actions that the same regulation required, in order to improve the system.
For the airlines, the quality and efficiency of procedures relating to ground operations is fundamental, since it will ensure that a service of excellence be offered to clients: economic, punctual and secure. The efficiency of procedures, obtaining a superior quality, is where suppliers play an important role, ground handling companies, since the coordination of its activities translate into the service that airlines provide to their ultimate clients. Ground handling services, includes activities such as: airlines representation, administration and supervision of contract activities with third parties, passenger services, ramp services, support services, load control, communications and flight operations, security, cargo and mail services and aircraft maintenance, which will be explained later. In this project, it studies and it proposes a methodology to implement a quality system for ground handling companies, based under AHM 804 regulation, which is certified by International Air Transport Association (IATA). Obtaining this certificate it will guarantee that a service of excellence is offered, besides its international recognition, which will provide prestige to the company. The main purpose of AHM 804, is to control service delivery based on the adoption of indicators. The implementation of this system will take about 5 days, whereby a consultant of IATA together with a representative of the ground handling company and airline customer, will implement quality system. Parallel to this, the consultant will undertake the Airport Handling Quality Audit, to allow the granting of the certificate. All interested parties establish measurement standards for the different activities the ground handling will perform. These standard measurements will continue for 2 years until the re-certification process begins. The airlines together with ground handling company must meet regularly in order to analyze the information and therefore to improve the service. The feedback by the customer is one of the requirements of AHM 804. Costs for this certification are US$ 15.000 for the first certification (valid for 2 years), after this, re-certifications for 2 years are required at a cost of US$ 1.5004. In both cases, additional costs of travel, ground transportation, meals and accommodation (5 days5) for the IATA representative, is in addition to the cost of the certification. Overall, the total cost for the initial certification, in the case of the ground handling company located in Santiago - Chile amounts to US$ 17.399. With the purpose of evaluating the quality system based on AHM 804 in chapter 3, it describes ISO 9001:2000 regulation, which later in chapter 5 makes a comparison of both regulations. From there, it indicates that a quality management system based on ISO 9001:2000 is global in nature which involves the whole organization and its parties. It requires a specific documentation for the implementation of quality system, procedures of service delivery, job descriptions and responsibilities, which will create clarity and transparency within the organization. Besides, included within the evaluation system to suppliers as well as employees, to whom measurements can be taken to improve this aspects. Additionally, it requires corrective and preventing measurements to reduce errors. On the other hand, the quality system based on AHM 804 is more specific, including methods already proposed for the implementation. It specific character permit to evaluate in an efficient manner the quality of ground handling service, and that with the feedback from the client, allow to better improve the service delivery by the same. Finally, it can be concluded that AHM 804 is only a tool to quality control, with which it can measure, evaluate, correct and better service delivery. Is for this reason it implementation is recommended as an added component to a quality system more complete, global and less specific, as ISO 9001:2000. In this case, the AHM 804 it can be implemented as a method of quality control, expressed in the section 8: Measurement, Analysis and Improvement, complemented by preventive actions that the same regulation required, in order to improve the system.
Description
Keywords
Sistemas de gestión de la calidad, Transporte aéreo, Certificación de calidad
