Thesis Efecto del ángulo de extracción sobre el esfuerzo principal mayor en mineria del Panel Caving
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Date
2026-03
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil de Minas
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
El control de los esfuerzos inducidos en minería subterránea es un aspecto fundamental para garantizar la estabilidad de las excavaciones y la seguridad operacional. En métodos de explotación por hundimiento, como el panel caving, la geometría del proceso de extracción puede modificar significativamente la redistribución de esfuerzos en el macizo rocoso. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia del ángulo de extracción sobre el esfuerzo principal mayor durante el desarrollo del hundimiento. Para ello, se desarrolló un modelo numérico bidimensional mediante el software RS2 de Rocscience, representando un sistema de panel caving en distintas etapas de apertura de bateas. El análisis consideró diferentes ángulos de extracción (20°, 30°, 40° y 50°) y evaluó su comportamiento bajo distintos escenarios geomecánicos, variando parámetros relevantes del macizo rocoso tales como el GSI y la razón de esfuerzos in situ K. Los resultados fueron analizados en tres niveles representativos del sistema: nivel de hundimiento, nivel de producción y nivel sobre pila. Los resultados muestran que el avance del proceso de extracción produce un incremento progresivo del esfuerzo principal mayor en los niveles de hundimiento y producción, mientras que el nivel sobre pila presenta una tendencia general a la disminución del esfuerzo. Asimismo, se observa que ángulos de extracción menores tienden a generar mayores concentraciones de esfuerzo en el nivel de hundimiento, mientras que ángulos mayores pueden trasladar parte de estas concentraciones hacia el nivel de producción. Adicionalmente, los resultados evidencian que valores menores de K generan mayores esfuerzos inducidos, mientras que macizos rocosos con mayores valores de GSI presentan también mayores magnitudes de esfuerzo, debido a su mayor capacidad de transmitir cargas dentro del sistema. En conjunto, el estudio demuestra que la geometría de extracción y las condiciones geomecánicas del macizo rocoso influyen directamente en la redistribución de esfuerzos durante el panel caving, destacando la importancia de considerar estos parámetros en el diseño y planificación de operaciones subterráneas.
The control of induced stresses in underground mining is a fundamental aspect to ensure excavation stability and operational safety. In caving mining methods, such as panel caving, the geometry of the extraction process can significantly modify the stress redistribution within the rock mass. In this context, the objective of this study is to analyze the influence of the extraction angle on the major principal stress during the development of the caving process. To achieve this, a two-dimensional numerical model was developed using the RS2 software from Rocscience, representing a panel caving system at different stages of drawpoint opening. The analysis considered different extraction angles (20°, 30°, 40°, and 50°) and evaluated their behavior under different geomechanical scenarios, varying relevant rock mass parameters such as the Geological Strength Index (GSI) and the in situ stress ratio K. The results were analyzed at three representative levels of the system: the undercut level, the production level, and the overlying rock mass level. The results show that the progression of the extraction process produces a progressive increase in the major principal stress at the undercut and production levels, while the overlying level presents a general decreasing trend in stress. Additionally, smaller extraction angles tend to generate higher stress concentrations at the undercut level, whereas larger angles may transfer part of these stress concentrations to the production level. Furthermore, the results indicate that lower values of K generate higher induced stresses, while rock masses with higher GSI values also exhibit greater stress magnitudes due to their higher capacity to transmit loads within the system. Overall, the study demonstrates that both the extraction geometry and the geomechanical conditions of the rock mass directly influence stress redistribution during panel caving, highlighting the importance of considering these parameters in the design and planning of underground mining operations.
The control of induced stresses in underground mining is a fundamental aspect to ensure excavation stability and operational safety. In caving mining methods, such as panel caving, the geometry of the extraction process can significantly modify the stress redistribution within the rock mass. In this context, the objective of this study is to analyze the influence of the extraction angle on the major principal stress during the development of the caving process. To achieve this, a two-dimensional numerical model was developed using the RS2 software from Rocscience, representing a panel caving system at different stages of drawpoint opening. The analysis considered different extraction angles (20°, 30°, 40°, and 50°) and evaluated their behavior under different geomechanical scenarios, varying relevant rock mass parameters such as the Geological Strength Index (GSI) and the in situ stress ratio K. The results were analyzed at three representative levels of the system: the undercut level, the production level, and the overlying rock mass level. The results show that the progression of the extraction process produces a progressive increase in the major principal stress at the undercut and production levels, while the overlying level presents a general decreasing trend in stress. Additionally, smaller extraction angles tend to generate higher stress concentrations at the undercut level, whereas larger angles may transfer part of these stress concentrations to the production level. Furthermore, the results indicate that lower values of K generate higher induced stresses, while rock masses with higher GSI values also exhibit greater stress magnitudes due to their higher capacity to transmit loads within the system. Overall, the study demonstrates that both the extraction geometry and the geomechanical conditions of the rock mass directly influence stress redistribution during panel caving, highlighting the importance of considering these parameters in the design and planning of underground mining operations.
Description
Keywords
Minería subterránea, Macizo rocoso, Ángulo de extracción, Esfuerzos inducidos
