Thesis ANÁLISIS DEL PROCESO DE BIOMETANIZACIÓN COMO OPCIÓN DE TRATAMIENTO PARA LOS RESIDUOS ORGÁNICOS GENERADOS EN EL CEMENTERIO N°3 DE VALPARAÍSO
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERÍA CIVIL MECÁNICA
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El Cementerio N°3 de Valparaíso, administrado por la Corporación Municipal de Valparaíso, presentó el problema específico del aumento de volumen de basura diaria generada en el recinto. Para contribuir a resolver tal problema se realizó un levantamiento de información donde se estimó que diariamente se desechan 13 [m³] desde el lugar y que 7,28 [m³/día] corresponden a residuos de tipo orgánico proveniente de podas y retiros florales.
Seguido, se analizó la biometanización como una opción de tratamiento de la fracción de residuos orgánicos definiendo una metodología para la aplicación de este tipo de procesos. Como una parte importante del mismo es la estimación de la degradabilidad del sustrato, se realizaron los “Ensayos de Degradabilidad Anaerobia” en el laboratorio de RILES de la UTFSM, probando la codigestión del sustrato en cuestión, sin pretratamiento, adicionándole un sustrato compuesto de heces de perro del Canil de Laguna Verde de Valparaíso, de los cuales se obtuvo una degradabilidad promedio de 16%. Además, se probó el enriquecimiento de las muestras con azúcar refinada y aceite vegetal. Luego se definieron los pasos necesarios para dar tratamiento a residuos orgánicos, los cuales implican un cambio de hábitos en la forma de tratar la basura, y, por ende, tareas para la entidad durante el corto plazo.
Posterior a esta etapa, se planifico avanzar progresivamente el escalamiento para la aplicación del sistema de biometanización en el recinto definiendo como escalas intermedias un reactor de 60 [L] y 1100 [L] para definir y probar correctamente elementos de diseño como materiales y parámetros operacionales. Ya que actualmente el Laboratorio de Energías Renovables, espacio de la universidad destinado al estudio de estos temas, no cuenta con estos equipos operativos, se avanzó en el diseño del prototipo de 60 [L] que utiliza la energía del sol mediante un colector solar para cumplir los requerimientos térmicos y se apoya en el biogás generado del proceso como fuente de calor de apoyo en caso de bajas de temperatura según los estudios de la climatología del lugar.
The 3rd Cemetery of Valparaíso, which is under the administration of Municipal Corporation of Valparaíso presented a problem about the increasing amount of garbage generated on a daily basis in the area. In order to help solving that problem, an information gathering was conducted. The latter showed that from the 13 [m³] that are thrown away everyday, 7,28 [m³/day] correspond to organic waste (such as flowers and prune). Further on, the biomethanization was analysed as an option to treat the fraction of organic waste, defining a methodology for the application of these processes. A paramount part of the process is the estimation of the degradability of the substrate. Anaerobic Degradability Essays were carried out at the RILES lab in UTFSM, proving the co-digestion of the earlier mentioned substrate, without a pre-treatment. A substrate made of dog feces from the Laguna Verde Dog Pound, Valparaíso. The average degradability was 16%. Also, the enrichment of the sugar-and-oil-free samples was proved. Later, the necessary steps were defined so as to treat organic waste, which imply a change in the way we treat waste. Thus, for the entity in the short term. After this stage, it’s planned to move forward with the scale model for the application of the biomethanization system in the enclosure, defining intermediate scales on a 60 litres reactor and another one of 1100 litres to define and accurately test design elements such as materials and operational parameters. Nowadays in the renewable energies lab, which is a part of the university that makes researches of that kind, there aren’t any of these reactors named before functioning, a scale model of a 60 litres reactor is made and it utilizes hot water heated by a solar collector in order to meet the thermal requirements. At the same time, it has a backup system of biogas as a heat source in case of low temperatures.
The 3rd Cemetery of Valparaíso, which is under the administration of Municipal Corporation of Valparaíso presented a problem about the increasing amount of garbage generated on a daily basis in the area. In order to help solving that problem, an information gathering was conducted. The latter showed that from the 13 [m³] that are thrown away everyday, 7,28 [m³/day] correspond to organic waste (such as flowers and prune). Further on, the biomethanization was analysed as an option to treat the fraction of organic waste, defining a methodology for the application of these processes. A paramount part of the process is the estimation of the degradability of the substrate. Anaerobic Degradability Essays were carried out at the RILES lab in UTFSM, proving the co-digestion of the earlier mentioned substrate, without a pre-treatment. A substrate made of dog feces from the Laguna Verde Dog Pound, Valparaíso. The average degradability was 16%. Also, the enrichment of the sugar-and-oil-free samples was proved. Later, the necessary steps were defined so as to treat organic waste, which imply a change in the way we treat waste. Thus, for the entity in the short term. After this stage, it’s planned to move forward with the scale model for the application of the biomethanization system in the enclosure, defining intermediate scales on a 60 litres reactor and another one of 1100 litres to define and accurately test design elements such as materials and operational parameters. Nowadays in the renewable energies lab, which is a part of the university that makes researches of that kind, there aren’t any of these reactors named before functioning, a scale model of a 60 litres reactor is made and it utilizes hot water heated by a solar collector in order to meet the thermal requirements. At the same time, it has a backup system of biogas as a heat source in case of low temperatures.
Description
Keywords
BIOMETANIZACION, BIOGAS, RESIDUOS ORGANICOS