Thesis DESARROLLO CONSTRUCTIVO, EVALUACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL Y ANÁLISIS DEL POTENCIAL DE MERCADO DE DESHIDRATADOR SOLAR COMPACTO ORIENTADO A LA ENSEÑANZA BÁSICA Y AL EMPRENDIMIENTO FAMILIAR
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Date
2018
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Al 2020 se espera que el consumo mundial de frutos deshidratados supere en un 25% el promedio de los últimos 5 años. El 2014 en Chile se crea la Comisión Nacional de Frutos Secos y Deshidratados para organizar a los productores agrícolas en pro del crecimiento de este rubro.El mercado del deshidratado tiene a su disposición variadas tecnologías para la producción a nivel industrial, estas se abastecen de electricidad y/o gas licuado (GLP). Con el fin de hacer esta industria sustentable y reducir costos operativos, el año 2012 se desarrolla el Techo Solar Activo (TSA), un colector que provee aire caliente para procesos a partir de energía solar. En 2015 la tecnología del TSA es implementada en el Deshidratador Solar tipo Container, un equipo secador con capacidad para 1,5 [ton] de alimento fresco, que tuvo aceptación por parte de productores a mediana escala y continúa su desarrollo. También en 2015, apuntando a pequeños volúmenes de producción, se crea el Deshidratador Solar Unifamiliar (DSU), equipo abastecido 100 % por energía solar y con capacidad de 80 [kg] de alimento fresco. Un detalle que considerar es el costo de traslado, que puede alcanzar un 20 a 30% del valor total.Gracias a las experiencias y con un enfoque tanto de emprendimiento como apoyo docente es que se elabora el presente trabajo de título que desarrolla el Deshidratador Solar Compacto (DSC). El estudio busca optimizar el uso del recurso solar, mejorar el desempeño, reducir costos y tamaño. Posterior a la fabricación se mide y compara su desempeño con el DSU.Como resultado se obtuvo un equipo con capacidad de 30 [kg] de alimento fresco (según el tipo y corte) y una longitud de 1,5 [m] que permite ser transportado en el pick up de una camioneta. El costo de fabricación es un 25% menor que el equipo anterior.Se realizan pruebas de desempeño en el Laboratorio de Energías Renovables (UTFSM, Viña del Mar) en los meses de abril y mayo. Las temperaturas alcanzadas son de 50 [°C], 20 a 25 [°C] más que en el ambiente y humedad relativa oscilando entre 10 y 40 % durante la operación. Traducido a tiempo de secado, los alimentos tardan entre 50 y 74 horas en el proceso, semejantes a los tiempos requeridos en el DSU. Debido a la ausencia de energía solar durante las noches, los equipos operan 10 horas, dando una disponibilidad del 42% diario, condición que es posible mejorar con la implementación de elementos calefactores.El equipo desarrollado tiene un costo de 2.000 USD, permitiendo que sea adquirido a través de diversos fondos que el estado de Chile tiene abiertos para personas y/o agrupaciones. Si bien existen diversas opciones, la mayoría tiene como fin solamente el emprendimiento económico o el desarrollo tecnológico y no la adquisición de tecnologías como esta con fines pedagógicos.
By 2020, global consumption of dehydrated fruits is expected to exceed the average of the last 5 years by 25%. In 2014, the National Commission of Dry and Dehydrated Fruits was created in Chile to organize agricultural producers in order to grow this crop.The dehydrated market has various technologies at its disposal for industrial production, these are supplied with electricity and / or liquefied gas (LPG). In order to make this industry sustainable and reduce operating costs, in 2012 the Active Solar Roof (TSA) was developed, a collector that provides hot air for processes based on solar energy. In 2015, the TSA technology is implemented in the Container-type Solar Dehydrator, a dryer equipment with capacity for 1.5 [ton] of fresh food, which was accepted by medium-scale producers and continues its development. Also in 2015, aiming at small production volumes, the Solar Dehydrator Domestic (DSU) is created, equipment supplied 100% by solar energy and with a capacity of 80 [kg] of fresh food. A detail to consider is the cost of transfer, which can reach 20 to 30% of the total value.Thanks to the experiences and with a focus on both entrepreneurship and teaching support, the present title work developed by the Compact Solar Dehydrator (DSC) is developed. The study seeks to optimize the use of solar resources, improve performance, reduce costs and size. After manufacturing, its performance is measured and compared with the DSU.As a result, equipment was obtained with a capacity of 30 [kg] of fresh food (depending on the type and cut) and a length of 1.5 [m] that can be transported in the pick-up of a truck. The manufacturing cost is 25% less than the previous equipment.Performance tests are carried out in the Renewable Energy Laboratory (UTFSM, Viña del Mar) in the months of April and May. The temperatures reached are 50 [° C], 20 to 25 [° C] more than in the environment and relative humidity oscillating between 10 and 40% during the operation. Translated to drying time, the food takes between 50 and 74 hours in the process, similar to the times required in the DSU. Due to the absence of solar energy during the night, the equipment operates 10 hours, giving an availability of 42% daily, a condition that can be improved with the implementation of heating elements.The equipment developed has a cost of 2,000 USD, allowing it to be acquired through various funds that the State of Chile has open for people and / or groups. Although there are several options, the majority is aimed only at economic entrepreneurship or technological development and not the acquisition of technologies like this for teaching purposes.
By 2020, global consumption of dehydrated fruits is expected to exceed the average of the last 5 years by 25%. In 2014, the National Commission of Dry and Dehydrated Fruits was created in Chile to organize agricultural producers in order to grow this crop.The dehydrated market has various technologies at its disposal for industrial production, these are supplied with electricity and / or liquefied gas (LPG). In order to make this industry sustainable and reduce operating costs, in 2012 the Active Solar Roof (TSA) was developed, a collector that provides hot air for processes based on solar energy. In 2015, the TSA technology is implemented in the Container-type Solar Dehydrator, a dryer equipment with capacity for 1.5 [ton] of fresh food, which was accepted by medium-scale producers and continues its development. Also in 2015, aiming at small production volumes, the Solar Dehydrator Domestic (DSU) is created, equipment supplied 100% by solar energy and with a capacity of 80 [kg] of fresh food. A detail to consider is the cost of transfer, which can reach 20 to 30% of the total value.Thanks to the experiences and with a focus on both entrepreneurship and teaching support, the present title work developed by the Compact Solar Dehydrator (DSC) is developed. The study seeks to optimize the use of solar resources, improve performance, reduce costs and size. After manufacturing, its performance is measured and compared with the DSU.As a result, equipment was obtained with a capacity of 30 [kg] of fresh food (depending on the type and cut) and a length of 1.5 [m] that can be transported in the pick-up of a truck. The manufacturing cost is 25% less than the previous equipment.Performance tests are carried out in the Renewable Energy Laboratory (UTFSM, Viña del Mar) in the months of April and May. The temperatures reached are 50 [° C], 20 to 25 [° C] more than in the environment and relative humidity oscillating between 10 and 40% during the operation. Translated to drying time, the food takes between 50 and 74 hours in the process, similar to the times required in the DSU. Due to the absence of solar energy during the night, the equipment operates 10 hours, giving an availability of 42% daily, a condition that can be improved with the implementation of heating elements.The equipment developed has a cost of 2,000 USD, allowing it to be acquired through various funds that the State of Chile has open for people and / or groups. Although there are several options, the majority is aimed only at economic entrepreneurship or technological development and not the acquisition of technologies like this for teaching purposes.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
DESHIDRATADOR SOLAR, EMPRENDIMIENTO FAMILIAR, POTENCIAL DE MERCADO