Thesis EXPERIENCIA INTERNACIONAL EN MONITOREO DE LA COMPETENCIA EN EL MERCADO ELÉCTRICO Y SU APLICACIÓN A LA OPERACIÓN TÉCNICA – ECONÓMICA DEL MERCADO CHILENO
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Date
2016
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Campus Vitacura Santiago
Abstract
El mercado eléctrico chileno fue el primero a nivel mundial en iniciar el proceso de privatización de la generación, y así generar competencia entre las empresas generadoras como mecanismo para determinar la eficiencia del sistema, conforme lo establece la teoría económica. Actualmente en Chile, se observan características del mercado que evitan que este se encuentre en un entorno de competencia perfecta, como por ejemplo el mercado altamente concentrado, baja participación de la demanda en la gestión de compra de energía, parámetros de unidades no validados por las entidades respectivas, entre otros. Dichas debilidades del mercado chileno generan que los agentes participes del mercado de generación eléctrica, puedan tener posibilidad de realizar prácticas anticompetitivas que afecten la eficiencia y transparencia del mercado.En dicho contexto, el gobierno de Chile ha presentado una reforma de la Ley General de Servicios Eléctricos, la cual modifica el sistema de remuneración de la transmisión y crea por ley el Coordinador de la Operación, asignando dentro de sus funciones el monitoreo permanente de las condiciones de competencia existentes en el mercado eléctrico, situación que será motivo de estudio de la presente tesina.El modelo de monitoreo de competencia propuesto, contempla el análisis de la experiencia internacional de mercados con amplio conocimiento referente a mecanismos de monitoreo como Estados Unidos, Inglaterra y Australia. De dichos entes de monitoreo se obtuvieron los principales índices a dar seguimiento, la estructura de gobernanza y la relación con los agentes reguladores. De la revisión realizada se propone un esquema de monitoreo de la competencia similar a la estructura utilizada en Estados Unidos, pero considerando diversos índices que se determinan en Inglaterra y Australia.En base a la experiencia obtenida, se realiza un análisis de la competitividad del mercado chileno, obteniendo como resultado que tanto el SIC como el SING se encuentran altamente concentrados a nivel de generación, con índices de concentración que superan con creces los estándares internacionales. Adicionalmente, se verificó que existen comportamientos de los agentes que permiten la alteración de los costos de operación del sistema en el tiempo real, y que son realizados bajo las normas de la actual regulación vigente, situación que debe ser analizada con mayor cuidado. Por otro lado, se determinan las características competitivas de cada una de las tecnologías presentes en los sistemas eléctricos del país, para efectos de que el Coordinador realice un seguimiento adecuado de dichas variables.Finalmente, la tesina propone un esquema de gobernanza, índices, funciones y responsabilidades del futuro Departamento de Monitoreo de Mercado y Competencia, así como las modificaciones regulatorias que deben realizarse para otorgar mayores atribuciones al Coordinador con el fin de realizar un adecuado monitoreo conforme a la tarea encomendada.
The Chilean electricity market was the first worldwide to initiate the process of privatization of generation segment, and create competition among generators as a mechanism to reach the efficiency of the system, as established in economic theory. Currently in Chile, market characteristics tend to move the system out of an environment of perfect competition, such as the highly concentrated market, low demand participation in managing power purchase, unit parameters not validated by the respective entities, among others. Such weaknesses of the Chilean market generated that market players who participate in electricity generation market, may have possibility of anticompetitive practices affecting the efficiency and transparency of the system.In this context, the Chilean government has presented a reform of the General Electricity Services Law, which modifies the remuneration system of transmission and created by law the Coordinator (Chilean ISO) allocating among its functions the permanent monitoring of existing conditions of competition in the electricity market, this situation will be the subject of study of this thesis.The model proposed to monitoring competition includes the analysis of international experience with extensive market knowledge regarding monitoring mechanisms such as the United States, England and Australia. As a result of this research, it has been established indexes to follow up, the governance structure and relationships with regulators. From Benchmark it proposed to a monitoring competition scheme similar to the structure used in the United States, but considering multiple indexes which are determined in England and Australia.Based on the experience gained, is done an analysis of the competitiveness of the Chilean market, resulting that both SIC and SING systems are highly concentrated at the level of generation, with concentration indices that far exceed international standards. In addition, it was verified that there are behaviors of agents that allow the alteration of the operating costs of the system in real time, and are made under the rules of the current existing regulation, a situation that must be analyzed more carefully. On the other hand, the thesis established competitive characteristics in each of the technologies in electrical systems in the country, for purposes of the Coordinator perform adequate monitoring of these variables.Finally, the thesis proposes a scheme governance, indexes, functions and responsibilities of the future Monitoring Department Market and Competition and regulatory changes to be made to give greater powers to the Coordinator in order to make a proper monitoring of the task.
The Chilean electricity market was the first worldwide to initiate the process of privatization of generation segment, and create competition among generators as a mechanism to reach the efficiency of the system, as established in economic theory. Currently in Chile, market characteristics tend to move the system out of an environment of perfect competition, such as the highly concentrated market, low demand participation in managing power purchase, unit parameters not validated by the respective entities, among others. Such weaknesses of the Chilean market generated that market players who participate in electricity generation market, may have possibility of anticompetitive practices affecting the efficiency and transparency of the system.In this context, the Chilean government has presented a reform of the General Electricity Services Law, which modifies the remuneration system of transmission and created by law the Coordinator (Chilean ISO) allocating among its functions the permanent monitoring of existing conditions of competition in the electricity market, this situation will be the subject of study of this thesis.The model proposed to monitoring competition includes the analysis of international experience with extensive market knowledge regarding monitoring mechanisms such as the United States, England and Australia. As a result of this research, it has been established indexes to follow up, the governance structure and relationships with regulators. From Benchmark it proposed to a monitoring competition scheme similar to the structure used in the United States, but considering multiple indexes which are determined in England and Australia.Based on the experience gained, is done an analysis of the competitiveness of the Chilean market, resulting that both SIC and SING systems are highly concentrated at the level of generation, with concentration indices that far exceed international standards. In addition, it was verified that there are behaviors of agents that allow the alteration of the operating costs of the system in real time, and are made under the rules of the current existing regulation, a situation that must be analyzed more carefully. On the other hand, the thesis established competitive characteristics in each of the technologies in electrical systems in the country, for purposes of the Coordinator perform adequate monitoring of these variables.Finally, the thesis proposes a scheme governance, indexes, functions and responsibilities of the future Monitoring Department Market and Competition and regulatory changes to be made to give greater powers to the Coordinator in order to make a proper monitoring of the task.
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Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
BENCHMARK INTERNACIONAL, CONCENTRACION DE MERCADO, FALLAS DE MERCADO, LIBRE COMPETENCIA, MERCADO ELECTRICO CHILENO