Thesis PROPUESTA DE MODELO SOCIOECONÓMICO PARA CARACTERIZAR EL EMPRENDIMIENTO
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Date
2013
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Campus San Joaquín
Abstract
Un emprendimiento siempre surge dentro de un pals y su contexto
socioeconómico. Este contexto socioeconómico puede estimular o inhibir la
creación y desarrollo de emprendimientos del pals en cuestión. Muchos
emprendedores se yen afectados por este contexto y a la hora de establecerse en
otros palses carecen de herramientas que les indquen cuan apropiado o no es un
pals para emprender. AsI surgió el propósito de analizar esta relación entre el
contexto y emprendimiento y se optó por desarrollar un modelo de árbol de
clasificacidn, el cual describe e indica la capacidad emprendedora de un pals de
acuerdo a las variables socioeconómicas de este. A priori, el contexto
socioeconómico del pals se desglosO en varias variables socioeconómicas, como por
ejemplo el producto interno bruto, la inflación, la tasa de desempleo, la tasa de
pobreza, el porcentaje de inmigrantes, entre otros. Los datos de las variables
socioeconómicas fueron recolectados a partir de 35 palses (incluyendo todos los
paIses miembros de la OCDE) desde el año 2001 hasta el año 2012. Se desarrollaron
gráficos, ranking de variables y reglas de clasificación para descartar variables
irrelevantes y asI proponer un modelo árbol de clasificación con una precision sobre
el 75%. Finalmente se analizaron las relaciones entre las variables socioeconOmicas y
a capacidad emprendedora de un pals, donde las mas importantes son, por un lado,
la estimulación del emprendimiento a través de la inversion en l+D, la integración de
inmigrantes, los impuestos y, por otro lado, la utilidad del emprendimiento para
disminuir Ia pobreza, la tasa de desempleo y para permitir el movimiento entre
eslabones socioeconOmicos.
A venture always arise within a country and it's socioeconomic context. This socioeconomic context can stimulate or inhibit the creation and development of enterprises in the country. Many entrepreneurs are affected by this context and when they want to settle or expand their business in other countries, they lack of tools that allows them to know hew appropriate is or isn't a country to undertake. Thus, there's the need to analyze the relationship between the context and the entrepreneurship. A classification tree model it's developed, which describes and indicates the entrepreneurial capacity of a country according to their socioeconomic variables. At first, a country's socioeconomic context can be break down into various socioeconomic variables such as the gross domestic product, inflation, unemployment rate, poverty rate, the percentage of immigrants, among others. The data of the socioeconomic variables were collected from 35 countries (including all OECD member countries ) from 2001 until 2012. Graphics, variable ranking and classification rules were developed in order to discard irrelevant variables and thereby, propose a classification tree model with a 75% accuracy. Finally the relationships between socioeconomic variables and entrepreneurship are analyzed. The most important are, first, the stimulation of entrepreneurship through investment in R&D, immigrants integration, taxes and, on the other hand, the utility of entrepreneurship to reduce poverty, unemployment and to allow movement between socioeconomic levels.
A venture always arise within a country and it's socioeconomic context. This socioeconomic context can stimulate or inhibit the creation and development of enterprises in the country. Many entrepreneurs are affected by this context and when they want to settle or expand their business in other countries, they lack of tools that allows them to know hew appropriate is or isn't a country to undertake. Thus, there's the need to analyze the relationship between the context and the entrepreneurship. A classification tree model it's developed, which describes and indicates the entrepreneurial capacity of a country according to their socioeconomic variables. At first, a country's socioeconomic context can be break down into various socioeconomic variables such as the gross domestic product, inflation, unemployment rate, poverty rate, the percentage of immigrants, among others. The data of the socioeconomic variables were collected from 35 countries (including all OECD member countries ) from 2001 until 2012. Graphics, variable ranking and classification rules were developed in order to discard irrelevant variables and thereby, propose a classification tree model with a 75% accuracy. Finally the relationships between socioeconomic variables and entrepreneurship are analyzed. The most important are, first, the stimulation of entrepreneurship through investment in R&D, immigrants integration, taxes and, on the other hand, the utility of entrepreneurship to reduce poverty, unemployment and to allow movement between socioeconomic levels.
Description
Digitalizado de su versión en papel
Keywords
EMPRENDIMIENTO, EMPRESAS CHILE, MINERIA DE DATOS