Thesis ESTUDIO DE PRE FACTIBILIDAD EN EL ABASTECIMIENTO AL SUMINISTRO ELÉCTRICO EN EL AERÓDROMO EL LOA DE CALAMA A TRAVÉS DE ENERGÍA EÓLICA.
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Date
2009-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERÍA EN AVIACIÓN COMERCIAL
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
El estudio de prefactibilidad en el abastecimiento del suministro eléctrico, en el aeródromo El Loa de Calama a través del desarrollo de la energía eólica, responde a la necesidad de buscar acciones para mitigar los efectos del fenómeno del cambio climático que se experimenta en la actualidad, además de otorgar a Chile una oportunidad de diversificar sus fuentes energéticas y adicionalmente dar a conocer la existencia de fuentes energéticas propias del país, limpias, que pueden ser desarrolladas por cualquier industria. En los últimos 100 años la temperatura promedio del planeta ha aumentado en 0,7°C, este cambio en la temperatura es atribuido a la intervención del ser humano, principalmente por la explotación de combustibles fósiles, que emiten gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) a la atmósfera. Los GEI más conocidos son: el dióxido de carbono (CO2), el metano (CH4) y el oxido nitroso (N2O).Los cambios climáticos que está sufriendo la Tierra afecta a la biodiversidad que vive en ella, no solo existe un incremento en las temperaturas, sino que hay una variación en las precipitaciones que son cada vez más escasas, pero con mayor intensidad. También existe un derretimiento evidente de los polos, un retroceso de glaciares y hielos, por lo que las reservas de agua dulce están disminuyendo. Los niveles y las temperaturas del mar están aumentando, poniendo en riesgo las zonas costeras urbanizadas. Además hay fenómenos climáticos naturales que se están volviendo cada vez más frecuentes como las sequías, los huracanes, las inundaciones, el fenómeno de la niña, el fenómeno del niño, etc. Los países más vulnerables al cambio climático, son los países con mayor pobreza y los países en desarrollo, ya que no cuentan con los recursos suficientes para poder llevar a cabo acciones para contrarrestar los efectos del fenómeno. Los países que poseen ecosistemas frágiles también son considerados vulnerables. El 15% de la población mundial, pertenecientes a los países desarrollados, liberan el 45% de las emisiones de CO2. En cambio, la tercera parte de la población humana libera solo el 7% de las emisiones. El país que tiene una mayor responsabilidad, por la cantidad de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero liberadas en la atmósfera, en toda la existencia del ser humano en el planeta Tierra, es Estados Unidos, país que aún no ha ratificado el Protocolo de Kioto. El Protocolo de Kioto es una de las iniciativas a nivel mundial, para que los países inscritos a éste, cuenten con varios mecanismos con el fin de conseguir disminuir los niveles de gases de efecto invernadero, el compromiso de los países catalogados Anexo I, es conseguir un 5% por debajo de los niveles emitidos en 1990, para el 2012. Dentro de esos mecanismos está la utilización de energías limpias en remplazo de las fuentes energéticas convencionales, como el petróleo y el carbón. Chile es uno de los países catalogados como No Anexo I en Protocolo de Kioto, por lo que solo puede utilizar los mecanismos de desarrollo limpio para poder lucrar con las disminuciones de GEI que se produzcan el país.
Theelectricsupplypre-feasibility study through wind energy development, in El Loa aerodrome, Calama, helps to find out a way to mitigate climate change effects we are now living. Moreover, it gives Chile an opportunity to diversify its energetic sources and show that it has its own clean energetic sources, which could be developed by any industry.In the last one hundred years world average temperature has increased in 0.7ºC, due tohuman intervention, especially by fossil fuels exploitation, whom emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere: Carbone dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).Biodiversity has been affected by climate change on Earth, it is not only a rise intemperatures, but it is also a variation in rains, they are shorter but more intense. Pole’s melting and ice’s diminishing do exist, and it turns into a decrease on fresh water reserves. Urbanized coastal lines are in risk, due to sea levels and temperatures rise.Furthermore, natural climate phenomena are becoming more frequent such as droughts, hurricanes, floods, La Niña phenomenon, El Niño phenomenon, and so on.Poorest and developing countries are the most vulnerable to climate change, since they do not have proper means to counteract phenomenon effects. Are also vulnerable countries with fragile ecosystem.Developed countries, 15% world population, produce 45% CO2emissions. Whereas, a third part world population emits only 7% CO2emissions. The mainresponsibility falls on the biggest producer of greenhouse gases release into the atmosphere, which is USA. This has not ratified Kioto Protocol yet.The main purpose of Kioto Protocol, the world wide initiative, is to have varied mechanisms to diminish greenhouse gases, for registered countries. These countries' target by 2012 is to cut emission levels by 5% over the levels experienced in 1990.Among this mechanismis replacingconventional energetic sources, as oil and coil, by clean energies consume. Chile is one the Kioto Protocol Annex No I registered countries, so it can only use clean development mechanism to profit with greenhouse gases reductions in the country.Chile is a developing country. It has many fragile ecosystems, such as cities near coastal line, very polluted cities, etcetera. So it is quite a climate change vulnerable territory.Aeronautic produces 3% Greenhouse gas emission, transportation produces 12% of it, and this would be doubled in 2020. Moreover, condensation, aerosol, and othergases trails affect ozone layer and increase global warming.Chilean aeronautic industry is performing different practices to reduce Greenhouse gases. Lain Airlines is optimizing fuel consumption, whichway they diminish their CO2emissions, due to there is directly proportional relation between fuel consumption and CO2emission.
Theelectricsupplypre-feasibility study through wind energy development, in El Loa aerodrome, Calama, helps to find out a way to mitigate climate change effects we are now living. Moreover, it gives Chile an opportunity to diversify its energetic sources and show that it has its own clean energetic sources, which could be developed by any industry.In the last one hundred years world average temperature has increased in 0.7ºC, due tohuman intervention, especially by fossil fuels exploitation, whom emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere: Carbone dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).Biodiversity has been affected by climate change on Earth, it is not only a rise intemperatures, but it is also a variation in rains, they are shorter but more intense. Pole’s melting and ice’s diminishing do exist, and it turns into a decrease on fresh water reserves. Urbanized coastal lines are in risk, due to sea levels and temperatures rise.Furthermore, natural climate phenomena are becoming more frequent such as droughts, hurricanes, floods, La Niña phenomenon, El Niño phenomenon, and so on.Poorest and developing countries are the most vulnerable to climate change, since they do not have proper means to counteract phenomenon effects. Are also vulnerable countries with fragile ecosystem.Developed countries, 15% world population, produce 45% CO2emissions. Whereas, a third part world population emits only 7% CO2emissions. The mainresponsibility falls on the biggest producer of greenhouse gases release into the atmosphere, which is USA. This has not ratified Kioto Protocol yet.The main purpose of Kioto Protocol, the world wide initiative, is to have varied mechanisms to diminish greenhouse gases, for registered countries. These countries' target by 2012 is to cut emission levels by 5% over the levels experienced in 1990.Among this mechanismis replacingconventional energetic sources, as oil and coil, by clean energies consume. Chile is one the Kioto Protocol Annex No I registered countries, so it can only use clean development mechanism to profit with greenhouse gases reductions in the country.Chile is a developing country. It has many fragile ecosystems, such as cities near coastal line, very polluted cities, etcetera. So it is quite a climate change vulnerable territory.Aeronautic produces 3% Greenhouse gas emission, transportation produces 12% of it, and this would be doubled in 2020. Moreover, condensation, aerosol, and othergases trails affect ozone layer and increase global warming.Chilean aeronautic industry is performing different practices to reduce Greenhouse gases. Lain Airlines is optimizing fuel consumption, whichway they diminish their CO2emissions, due to there is directly proportional relation between fuel consumption and CO2emission.
Description
Keywords
AERODROMO EL LOA -- CALAMA, AEROPUERTOS -- DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCION, ENERGIA EOLICA