Thesis ESTUDIO DEL COMPORTAMIENTO MECANICO Y MICROESTRUCTURAL DE UN ACERO ASTM A572 G.50 ANTE LA APLICACION DE LIMPIEZA CRIOGENICA
Loading...
Date
2019-10
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA METALÚRGICA Y DE MATERIALES. INGENIERÍA CIVIL METALÚRGICA
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
En el presente trabajo se estudia el efecto de la limpieza criogénica con hielo seco a
-78,3 ºC sobre un acero y su unión soldada, los que podrían experimentar un cambio
drástico perjudicial al pasar de un comportamiento dúctil a frágil a bajas temperaturas.
El efecto fue cuantificado mediante el endurecimiento, la profundidad de deformación
plástica y los esfuerzos residuales inducidos por el sistema de limpieza, en tanto la
caracterización
de la
capa
superficial tratada
se
efectuó
mediante
análisis
microestructural. Para dimensionar el efecto mecánico de la limpieza criogénica se
realizó una comparación con granallado, siendo ambos métodos implementados a una
presión de 80 psi, variando el tiempo de aplicación (1,5 y 2,5 minutos) sobre planchas y
juntas soldadas de este material.
Se demostró que la limpieza criogénica no induce condiciones para que ocurra
fragilización en la superficie del acero debido al bajo impacto mecánico que genera.
Esto se evidenció por la ausencia de grietas al observar por microscopía óptica, y por
endurecimientos inferiores al 15% a una profundidad de 200 µm según los ensayos de
microdureza Vickers. Adicionalmente, los esfuerzos residuales generados, medidos por
difracción de rayos X y ultrasonido, son bajos en relación al límite elástico del acero.
También resultan menores los efectos de endurecimiento y esfuerzos residuales en
zonas concentradoras de esfuerzos, como la zona fundida y la zona afectada
térmicamente de una junta soldada, cuando se compara con el metal base.
Finalmente, se comprobó que no se favorecen mecanismos de deterioro, debido a que
los esfuerzos residuales generados en la capa superficial son solo de carácter
compresivo.
The effect of dry ice blasting at -78,3 ºC on a steel and its welded joint, which might change from ductile to brittle behavior at low temperatures, is studied in this work. For this purpose, the effect of dry ice blasting was quantified by measuring the hardening, the depth of plastic deformation and the residual stresses induced. The deformed surface layer was characterized by microstructural analysis. In order to measure the mechanical effects, dry ice blasting and shot blasting were compared. Both techniques were performed at a pressure of 80 psi, varying the application time (1,5 and 2,5 minutes) both on plates and welded joints of the steel. It was shown that dry ice blasting does not induce conditions for embrittlement of the surface of the steel, due to the low mechanical impact that the process generates. This was demonstrated by the absence of cracks in the optical microscopy images, and by Vickers microhardness tests that show hardening of less than 15% up to a depth of 200 μm. Additionally, X-ray diffraction and ultrasonic tests show low levels of residual stresses compared with the yield stress of the steel. The effects of hardening and residual stresses on both the melted zone and the heat affected zone of the weld, considered potential stress risers, were also lower than on the base metal plates. Finally, the residual stresses on the surface of the steel were shown to be compressive; hence, no deterioration mechanisms are favored.
The effect of dry ice blasting at -78,3 ºC on a steel and its welded joint, which might change from ductile to brittle behavior at low temperatures, is studied in this work. For this purpose, the effect of dry ice blasting was quantified by measuring the hardening, the depth of plastic deformation and the residual stresses induced. The deformed surface layer was characterized by microstructural analysis. In order to measure the mechanical effects, dry ice blasting and shot blasting were compared. Both techniques were performed at a pressure of 80 psi, varying the application time (1,5 and 2,5 minutes) both on plates and welded joints of the steel. It was shown that dry ice blasting does not induce conditions for embrittlement of the surface of the steel, due to the low mechanical impact that the process generates. This was demonstrated by the absence of cracks in the optical microscopy images, and by Vickers microhardness tests that show hardening of less than 15% up to a depth of 200 μm. Additionally, X-ray diffraction and ultrasonic tests show low levels of residual stresses compared with the yield stress of the steel. The effects of hardening and residual stresses on both the melted zone and the heat affected zone of the weld, considered potential stress risers, were also lower than on the base metal plates. Finally, the residual stresses on the surface of the steel were shown to be compressive; hence, no deterioration mechanisms are favored.
Description
Keywords
LIMPIEZA CRIOGÉNICA