Thesis Simulación y validación de diseño de una turbina hidráulica axial de muy baja potencia mediante el uso de CFD
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Date
2026-04
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
En el presente trabajo, se realiza una simulación con CFD del flujo en una turbina hidráulica axial de muy baja potencia, obtenida con un programa de diseño automatizado realizado en la UTFSM. Para esto, se examina el estado del arte y la teoría asociada a simulaciones numéricas para establecer una base metodológica. Posteriormente, se crea el modelo de la pequeña turbina axial en base a los datos propuestos para el diseño del banco de ensayos para probar físicamente estas turbinas. La turbina diseñada tiene un diámetro de 185 [mm] y un caudal nominal de aproximadamente 39 [l/s], considerando una velocidad de giro de 800 [rpm]. Se crea el dominio computacional de la simulación utilizando el rodete y estator obtenidos con el programa de diseño; este dominio se malla utilizando poliedros, con tal de capturar más fácilmente la geometría compleja del problema, asociada a los álabes del rodete y estator. Posteriormente, se llevan a cabo simulaciones para distintos valores de caudal y de velocidad de giro, con tal de construir las curvas características asociadas a la turbina. Se encuentra que, para los caudales probados, el punto de máxima eficiencia se presenta a un caudal aproximado de 50 [l/s], altura neta de 2 [m] y velocidad de giro entre 700 y 800 [rpm], presentando un valor de eficiencia interna de 60% aproximadamente. Además, se halla que el punto de diseño inicial presenta un bajo valor de eficiencia, de aproximadamente 30 puntos porcentuales menor que el punto óptimo simulado, por lo que el desempeño del programa de diseño es insatisfactorio, aunque esto se debe corroborar con mediciones reales de un ensayo de la turbina. Por último, se descubre(...).
In this work, a CFD simulation of the flow in a very low-head axial hydraulic turbine is carried out, said turbine is obtained using an automated design program developed at UTFSM. To do this, the state of the art and the theory associated with numerical simulations are examined to establish a methodological foundation. Subsequently, a model of the small axial turbine is created based on the proposed data for the design of the test rig intended to physically evaluate these turbines. The designed turbine has a diameter of 185 [mm] and a nominal flow rate of approximately 39 [l/s], considering a rotational speed of 800 [rpm]. The computational domain of the simulation is created using the rotor and stator obtained from the design program. This domain is meshed using polyhedra to more easily capture the complex geometry of the problem, associated with the blades of the rotor and stator. Simulations are then carried out for different values of flow rate and rotational speed in order to construct the characteristic curves associated with the turbine. It is found that, for the tested flow rates, the point of maximum efficiency occurs at an approximate flow rate of 50 [l/s], a net head of 2 [m], and a rotational speed between 700 and 800 [rpm], presenting an internal efficiency value of approximately 60%. Additionally, it is found that the initial design point presents a low efficiency value, approximately 30 percentage points lower than the simulated optimal point, indicating that the performance of the design program is unsatisfactory, although this should be verified with real measurements from a turbine test. Finally, it is observed(...).
In this work, a CFD simulation of the flow in a very low-head axial hydraulic turbine is carried out, said turbine is obtained using an automated design program developed at UTFSM. To do this, the state of the art and the theory associated with numerical simulations are examined to establish a methodological foundation. Subsequently, a model of the small axial turbine is created based on the proposed data for the design of the test rig intended to physically evaluate these turbines. The designed turbine has a diameter of 185 [mm] and a nominal flow rate of approximately 39 [l/s], considering a rotational speed of 800 [rpm]. The computational domain of the simulation is created using the rotor and stator obtained from the design program. This domain is meshed using polyhedra to more easily capture the complex geometry of the problem, associated with the blades of the rotor and stator. Simulations are then carried out for different values of flow rate and rotational speed in order to construct the characteristic curves associated with the turbine. It is found that, for the tested flow rates, the point of maximum efficiency occurs at an approximate flow rate of 50 [l/s], a net head of 2 [m], and a rotational speed between 700 and 800 [rpm], presenting an internal efficiency value of approximately 60%. Additionally, it is found that the initial design point presents a low efficiency value, approximately 30 percentage points lower than the simulated optimal point, indicating that the performance of the design program is unsatisfactory, although this should be verified with real measurements from a turbine test. Finally, it is observed(...).
Description
Keywords
Turbina hidráulica, Validación de diseño, Simulación numérica, CFD (Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional), Dominio computacional
