Thesis Determinación de vida a la fatiga en eje de turbina francis, aplicación utilizando Ansys
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Date
2015-09
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica, Mención Producción
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El diseño de máquinas, vehículos y estructuras requiere de un correcto uso de los materiales para asegurar que una falla estructural no ocurra. La seguridad, la confiabilidad, la durabilidad y los requerimientos económicos han sido el objetivo de ingenieros y diseñadores para poder comprender el comportamiento mecánico de los materiales en situaciones dinámicas y complejas y, así, ser aplicado a un fenómeno conocido como fatiga. Estudios demuestran que entre el 80 y 90 por ciento de todas las fallas estructurales ocurren a través de un proceso de fatiga. Además, los costos económicos asociados a estas fallas por fatiga se podrían reducir en cerca de un 30 por ciento con la aplicación de la tecnología en la predicción de fatiga [1]. Por tanto, el incremento de altos costos, las nuevas tecnologías, máquinas y equipos sofisticados, además de la interacción con vidas humanas en su servicio, hacen necesario confiar y asegurar un buen funcionamiento y, especialmente, un diseño adecuado y preciso. En este trabajo se desarrolla un análisis para estimar la vida a la fatiga del eje de una turbina Francis, a través de métodos teóricos y simulación numérica computacional basada en el método de elementos finitos (MEF). El eje es parte de un sistema de generación de energía y es sometido a cargas dinámicas durante su operación. El problema surge desde una solución práctica para la fijación axial de algunos deflectores y, ciertamente, se modifica la geometría con una perforación, de modo que es necesario calcular una nueva resistencia a la fatiga del eje en esta región, junto con su nueva vida a la fatiga. Para desarrollar el análisis(...).
The machines, vehicles and structures designs requires a correct use of the materials to ensure that any structural failure do not occur. Safety, reliability, durability and economic requirements have been the target of engineers and designers to understand the mechanical behavior of materials under dynamic and complex situations, and thus, be applied to the phenomenon known as fatigue. Studies show that between 80 and 90 percent of all structural failures occurs due to a fatigue process. Furthermore, the economic costs associated to these fatigue failures could be reduced in almost 30 percent with the application of technology into fatigue prediction [1]. Therefore, the increasingly higher ost, new technologies, machines and large equipments, besides the interaction with human lives to its service, make it necessary trust and ensure a right performance, especially, a suitable and accurate design. The current work carries out an analysis is developed for estimating the fatigue lifetime of main shaft of a Francis turbine, through theoretical methods and computational numerical simulation based on finite element method (FEM). The main shaft is part of a power generation system submitted to dynamic loads during its performance. The problem arises from a practical solution for axial fixing of some baffles, and certainly, the geometry is modified with a drill, so it is necessary to recalculate new fatigue strength for the main shaft in this region, featuring its new fatigue life. To develop an analysis(...).
The machines, vehicles and structures designs requires a correct use of the materials to ensure that any structural failure do not occur. Safety, reliability, durability and economic requirements have been the target of engineers and designers to understand the mechanical behavior of materials under dynamic and complex situations, and thus, be applied to the phenomenon known as fatigue. Studies show that between 80 and 90 percent of all structural failures occurs due to a fatigue process. Furthermore, the economic costs associated to these fatigue failures could be reduced in almost 30 percent with the application of technology into fatigue prediction [1]. Therefore, the increasingly higher ost, new technologies, machines and large equipments, besides the interaction with human lives to its service, make it necessary trust and ensure a right performance, especially, a suitable and accurate design. The current work carries out an analysis is developed for estimating the fatigue lifetime of main shaft of a Francis turbine, through theoretical methods and computational numerical simulation based on finite element method (FEM). The main shaft is part of a power generation system submitted to dynamic loads during its performance. The problem arises from a practical solution for axial fixing of some baffles, and certainly, the geometry is modified with a drill, so it is necessary to recalculate new fatigue strength for the main shaft in this region, featuring its new fatigue life. To develop an analysis(...).
Description
Keywords
Comportamiento mecánico, Fatiga de materiales, Cargas dinámicas, Método de elementos finitos (MEF), Simulación numérica
