Thesis DESACELERACIÓN CHINA Y SUS IMPLICANCIAS PARA EL RESTO DEL MUNDO
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Date
2016
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
MBA. Magíster en Gestión Empresarial
Campus
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Campus Vitacura Santiago
Abstract
La economía que todos observan en la actualidad es la China, debido a la alta dependenciaque tiene el resto del mundo sobre el desempeño de esta. A pesar que continua manteniendoaltas cifras de crecimiento, esta ha mostrado un empeoramiento y desequilibrios estructuralesen los últimos años.China es conocida como la “Fabrica del mundo”, desde la apertura externa que comenzó enel año 1978, año en el cual se llevaron a cabo las principales reformas que impulsaron eldesarrollo de sus principales fuerzas productivas.Una de las principales causas que ha contribuido a China a tener altos niveles de crecimientoes la gran fuerza laboral que posee. Esta impresiona al mundo, no solo por su tamaño, sinotambién por su productividad. En el año 1980 la productividad del trabajo en China eraequivalente al 5% de la productividad de Estados Unidos. En la actualidad China supera enun 15% al país norteamericano.En el año 2008 China se desaceleró a una tasa de 5,4% en su producción industrial, hoy seve nuevamente involucrada en una desaceleración que ha afectado a sus principales áreaseconómicas. De acuerdo a proyecciones del Banco Mundial, este año el crecimiento llegaraal 6,9%, la cifra más baja de las últimas dos décadas.El propósito de este trabajo es examinar las cifras de la economía China, sus problemasestructurales y reflexionar en torno al crecimiento y su desaceleración económica. Se tratade construir una perspectiva general estudiando los problemas fundamentales de China ysaber si están las condiciones que permitirían llevar a cabo esta transición económica demanera exitosa. El documento describe en sus primeros capítulos los antecedentes de la China de hoy, conun estudio general usando algunos datos y hechos para examinar la forma en que la economíacreció a su nivel actual, así como las probables razones de la desaceleración.Las autoridades chinas con el objeto de tener un crecimiento más sostenible en el tiempoestán pasando desde un modelo exportador a un modelo consumidor. En esta situación escasi inevitable que se resientan las tasas de crecimiento. China paso de ser un país de ingresobajo a ser un país de ingreso medio en el corto plazo debido a una acumulación de factores.Por este motivo se hace necesario que China alcance el aumento de productividad que lepermita volver a crecer a tasas de 2 dígitos.La economía China es un elemento esencial para las economías en desarrollo, ya que lespermite a estas mantener sus tasas de crecimiento. Ha medida que se van introduciendo lascausas de la desaceleración, se explicara que los problemas económicos causados por ladesaceleración China serán comunes en países como Estados Unidos, Japón, Europa y en elresto del mundo.El hecho de que China sea un gran consumidor de materias primas, trae como consecuenciaque los países con alta dependencia de este tipo de exportaciones vean resentidas sus cifrasmacroeconómicas producto de la desaceleración.En el caso de Chile y pensando en el futuro de la minería del cobre, solo se puede concluirque la caída en el precio del metal, el aumento de los costos energéticos y el aumento en loscostos laborales durante los años de bonanza, dan cuenta de una tormenta perfecta en la cualel auge que tuvimos en los años recientes llego a su fin.En estas circunstancias, mantener un alto crecimiento para Chile va a ser una tarea difícil ylas oportunidades para hacerlo ya no se encontraran en la exportación de su bien más preciado. A partir de esto se concluirá que los esfuerzos como país deberán centrarse enremover los obstáculos internos que limitan el desarrollo de Chile.
The economy all seen today is China, due to the high dependence the rest of the world hason it and its performance. Although it continues to maintain high growth rates, this has showna decrease and structural imbalances in recently years.China is known as the "world factory" since its opening to world trading that began in 1978,year when they developed major reforms that powered the productive main forces.One of the main causes that have contributed to China to have high levels of growth is thelarge workforce it possesses’. The world is impressed by Chinas work force, not only for itslarge size but also for its productivity. In 1980 productivity labor in China was equivalent to5% of US productivity. Today China`s productivity exceeds United States productivity by15%.In the year 2008 China’s growth rate decreased to a 5.4%, today is again involved in aslowdown that has affected its main economic areas. According to the World Bankprojections, this 2016 China’s growth rate should rise to 6.9%, which represents the lowestfigure in the past two decades.The purpose of this paper is to examine China’s economic figures, its structural problemsand how they reflect on the growth and slowdown of its economy. It is about building anoverview by studying the fundamental problems in China and understanding if the currentsituation will allow to carry on this economic transition successfully.This document describes in its firsts chapters, the history of today’s China, by using data andfacts, it is intended to determine how the economy grew at their current level, as well as theprobable reasons of the slowdown. Chinese authorities, in order to have a more sustainable growth over time, are moving froman export based model to a consumer based model. In this situation it is almost inevitablethat the growth rates will suffer from stagnation. Due to accumulation factors, China wentfrom being a low-income country to become a middle income country in a short period oftime. For this reason, it is necessary for China to improve its productivity, so its economywill again reach 2-digit growth rates.China’s economy is a key element for the worlds developing economies, it allows them tokeep their growth rates at a certain level. As it is explain in this paper, the reader will be ableto understand the causes for China’s economy slow down and how they will affect theeconomy of other countries such as United States, Japan, Europe and the rest of world.China is a major consumer of raw materials, this means the ups and downs of China’seconomy will directly affect the economy of raw material exporting countries.In the case of Chile and regarding the future of copper mining. It is understood that the pricedrop of this commodity, the increase in energy and labor costs during the booming years,account for a worst case scenario in which the economic boom Chile had in recent years hascome to an end.Due to the current economic scenario, it will be a difficult task for Chile to maintain highgrowth rates. It is advisable to focus the energy into adding extra value to other industriesthan copper mining and to resolve internal problems that could limit Chilean economicdevelopment.
The economy all seen today is China, due to the high dependence the rest of the world hason it and its performance. Although it continues to maintain high growth rates, this has showna decrease and structural imbalances in recently years.China is known as the "world factory" since its opening to world trading that began in 1978,year when they developed major reforms that powered the productive main forces.One of the main causes that have contributed to China to have high levels of growth is thelarge workforce it possesses’. The world is impressed by Chinas work force, not only for itslarge size but also for its productivity. In 1980 productivity labor in China was equivalent to5% of US productivity. Today China`s productivity exceeds United States productivity by15%.In the year 2008 China’s growth rate decreased to a 5.4%, today is again involved in aslowdown that has affected its main economic areas. According to the World Bankprojections, this 2016 China’s growth rate should rise to 6.9%, which represents the lowestfigure in the past two decades.The purpose of this paper is to examine China’s economic figures, its structural problemsand how they reflect on the growth and slowdown of its economy. It is about building anoverview by studying the fundamental problems in China and understanding if the currentsituation will allow to carry on this economic transition successfully.This document describes in its firsts chapters, the history of today’s China, by using data andfacts, it is intended to determine how the economy grew at their current level, as well as theprobable reasons of the slowdown. Chinese authorities, in order to have a more sustainable growth over time, are moving froman export based model to a consumer based model. In this situation it is almost inevitablethat the growth rates will suffer from stagnation. Due to accumulation factors, China wentfrom being a low-income country to become a middle income country in a short period oftime. For this reason, it is necessary for China to improve its productivity, so its economywill again reach 2-digit growth rates.China’s economy is a key element for the worlds developing economies, it allows them tokeep their growth rates at a certain level. As it is explain in this paper, the reader will be ableto understand the causes for China’s economy slow down and how they will affect theeconomy of other countries such as United States, Japan, Europe and the rest of world.China is a major consumer of raw materials, this means the ups and downs of China’seconomy will directly affect the economy of raw material exporting countries.In the case of Chile and regarding the future of copper mining. It is understood that the pricedrop of this commodity, the increase in energy and labor costs during the booming years,account for a worst case scenario in which the economic boom Chile had in recent years hascome to an end.Due to the current economic scenario, it will be a difficult task for Chile to maintain highgrowth rates. It is advisable to focus the energy into adding extra value to other industriesthan copper mining and to resolve internal problems that could limit Chilean economicdevelopment.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
DESACELERACION ECONOMICA, ECONOMIA CHINA, ECONOMIA MUNDIAL, INDICADORES DE CRECIMIENTO