Thesis Modelo de negocio para la producción y venta de biomoléculas en la industria biotecnológica.
Loading...
Date
2025-04
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Industrial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
El crecimiento de la población y la constante búsqueda de soluciones a enfermedades o investigaciones del área biomédica, sumado al avance tecnológico, han hecho que el desarrollo de la investigación científica a nivel mundial aumente de manera constante en los últimos 15 años. Chile no está ajeno a esta situación y también ha desarrollado polos de investigación que requieren de insumos para su desarrollo. Algunos de estos insumos son las llamadas biomoléculas (Enzimas, anticuerpos, plásmidos, etc.), las cuales, son importadas y han experimentado aumentos de hasta un 60% en su precio si se compara con los precios existentes antes de la pandemia causada por COVID-19, además existen casos en donde los tiempos de espera para recibir estos productos desde su compra podrían alcanzar los 4 meses, lo cual, impide el correcto funcionamiento de las actividades de la industria e investigación. Además, no existe información respecto al tamaño del mercado de las biomoléculas, es decir, no es sencillo encontrar información sobre cuantos clientes puede tener este mercado o cual es el gasto en el que incurren. Es por estos motivos, que surge la necesidad de cuantificar el tamaño del mercado de las biomoléculas y determinar los niveles de producción para evaluar la rentabilidad de un emprendimiento en donde se realice la producción y venta de biomoléculas para la industria biotecnológica nacional.
El macroentorno en el cual está inmerso este proyecto se revisó mediante el análisis PEST. En donde se encontraron resultados importantes tales como la creación de ministerio de ciencia y tecnología en 2018, la aparición en la última década de Start ups que cuentan con tecnología para desarrollar proteínas artificiales para diferentes industrias, entre otros hallazgos.
El microentorno fue revisado mediante las cinco fuerzas de Porter, en el que se encontraron 8 empresas competidoras, las cuales son principalmente importadoras de estos productos. Además, al tener como potenciales clientes a empresas y laboratorios de investigación en áreas relacionadas con la biología molecular se obtuvo que el número de clientes es cercano a 150 en el país, la cual es una cantidad baja en comparación con otros grandes mercados, por ende, se podría establecer un marketing de nicho, en donde conocer las necesidades del cliente es fundamental para el negocio.
Con la información recientemente mencionada se plantea un modelo de negocio, basado en el modelo CANVAS, en donde la propuesta de valor se basa en conocer las necesidades del cliente ofreciendo una atención más cercana que priorice la calidad y entrega rápida de los productos. Se realizó un lienzo del modelo que resume los principales aspectos de este negocio, en donde se describen elementos importantes tales como, clientes, propuesta de valor, ingresos, costos, entre otros.
Luego, la determinación de la demanda por biomoléculas se cuantificó mediante un estudio de mercado de tipo exploratorio. Realizando encuestas a expertos en la materia, se puedo obtener información sobre cuanto gasta en promedio en biomoléculas una empresa o laboratorio de investigación. Considerando esta información y la cantidad de empresas y laboratorios de investigación que existe a nivel nacional se pudo generar una proyección de la cuantía de la necesidad de estos productos que equivale un valor para la demanda total anual por biomoléculas en Chile de 1.348.650.000 pesos.
Finalmente se realizó la evaluación económica del proyecto mediante la generación de flujos de caja con un horizonte de evaluación de 10 años, donde se obtuvo una tasa de descuento del 15,11%, se consideró además una inversión inicial de 69.267.375 pesos y un financiamiento crediticio del 50%. El cálculo de los indicadores financieros arrojó un VAN de 152,717,850 pesos, una TIR del 50% y un retorno de la inversión (payback) que se da en el cuarto año. Estos indicadores nos señalan que el proyecto es rentable y conveniente desde el punto de vista económico y que, al hacer un análisis de sensibilización, el proyecto puede soportar disminuciones de hasta un 16% en los ingresos y aumentos de hasta un 22% en los costos totales.
Como conclusión podemos mencionar que este proyecto puede aportar con conocimiento especializado en áreas complejas, generando empleo, capacidad productiva e importantes ganancias para quienes estén interesados en el desarrollo de emprendimientos de base científica y tecnológica.
Population growth and the constant search for solutions to diseases and biomedical research, added to technological advancement, have led to a constant increase in scientific research worldwide over the past 15 years. Chile is no exception to this situation and has also developed research centers that require resources for their development. Some of these resources are the so-called biomolecules (Enzymes, antibodies, plasmids, etc.), which are imported and have experienced increases of up to 60% in their price when compared to the prices existing before the pandemic caused by COVID-19, in addition there are cases where the waiting times to receive these products from their purchase could reach 4 months, which prevents the correct functioning of industry and research activities, Furthermore, there is no information regarding the size of the biomolecules market; in other words, it is difficult to find information on how many customers this market may have or the costs they incur. Is for these reasons that the need arises to quantify the size of the biomolecules market and determine production levels to evaluate the profitability of an entrepreneurship where the production and sale of biomolecules for the national biotechnology industry is carried out. Macroenvironment surrounding this project was reviewed using a PEST analysis. Important findings were found, such as the creation of the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2018, and the emergence of startups in the last decade with the technology to develop artificial proteins for different industries, among others findings. The microenvironment was reviewed using Porter's five forces, in which 8 competing companies were found, which are mainly importers of these products. In addition, having as potential clients companies and research laboratories in areas related to molecular biology, it was found that the number of clients is close to 150 in the country, a low number compared to other large markets. Therefore, niche marketing could be established, where understanding customer needs is fundamental to the business. With the recently mentioned information, a business model is proposed based on the CANVAS model, where the value proposition is based on understanding customer needs and offering a more personalized service that prioritizes quality and rapid product delivery. A canvas of the model was created, summarizing the main aspects of this business, describing key elements such as customers, value proposition, revenue, costs, and more. The demand for biomolecules was then quantified through an exploratory market study. By surveying experts in the field, information was obtained for the average cost of a company or research laboratory on biomolecules. Considering this information and the number of companies and research laboratories at the national level, a projection of the demand for these products was generated, equivalent to a total annual demand for biomolecules in Chile of 1,348,650,000 pesos. Finally, the project's economic evaluation was conducted by generating cash flows with a 10-year evaluation horizon, obtaining a discount rate of 15.11%, considering an initial investment of 68,517,375 pesos and 50% loan financing. The calculation of financial indicators yielded an NPV of 152,717,850 pesos, an IRR of 50%, and a return on investment (payback) occurring in the fourth year. These indicators means that the project is profitable and economically viable and that, based on a sensitivity analysis, the project can withstand decreases of up to 16% in revenue and increases of up to 22% in total costs. In conclusion, we can say that this project can contribute specialized knowledge in complex areas, generating employment, productive capacity, and significant profits for those interested in developing science- and technology-based ventures.
Population growth and the constant search for solutions to diseases and biomedical research, added to technological advancement, have led to a constant increase in scientific research worldwide over the past 15 years. Chile is no exception to this situation and has also developed research centers that require resources for their development. Some of these resources are the so-called biomolecules (Enzymes, antibodies, plasmids, etc.), which are imported and have experienced increases of up to 60% in their price when compared to the prices existing before the pandemic caused by COVID-19, in addition there are cases where the waiting times to receive these products from their purchase could reach 4 months, which prevents the correct functioning of industry and research activities, Furthermore, there is no information regarding the size of the biomolecules market; in other words, it is difficult to find information on how many customers this market may have or the costs they incur. Is for these reasons that the need arises to quantify the size of the biomolecules market and determine production levels to evaluate the profitability of an entrepreneurship where the production and sale of biomolecules for the national biotechnology industry is carried out. Macroenvironment surrounding this project was reviewed using a PEST analysis. Important findings were found, such as the creation of the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2018, and the emergence of startups in the last decade with the technology to develop artificial proteins for different industries, among others findings. The microenvironment was reviewed using Porter's five forces, in which 8 competing companies were found, which are mainly importers of these products. In addition, having as potential clients companies and research laboratories in areas related to molecular biology, it was found that the number of clients is close to 150 in the country, a low number compared to other large markets. Therefore, niche marketing could be established, where understanding customer needs is fundamental to the business. With the recently mentioned information, a business model is proposed based on the CANVAS model, where the value proposition is based on understanding customer needs and offering a more personalized service that prioritizes quality and rapid product delivery. A canvas of the model was created, summarizing the main aspects of this business, describing key elements such as customers, value proposition, revenue, costs, and more. The demand for biomolecules was then quantified through an exploratory market study. By surveying experts in the field, information was obtained for the average cost of a company or research laboratory on biomolecules. Considering this information and the number of companies and research laboratories at the national level, a projection of the demand for these products was generated, equivalent to a total annual demand for biomolecules in Chile of 1,348,650,000 pesos. Finally, the project's economic evaluation was conducted by generating cash flows with a 10-year evaluation horizon, obtaining a discount rate of 15.11%, considering an initial investment of 68,517,375 pesos and 50% loan financing. The calculation of financial indicators yielded an NPV of 152,717,850 pesos, an IRR of 50%, and a return on investment (payback) occurring in the fourth year. These indicators means that the project is profitable and economically viable and that, based on a sensitivity analysis, the project can withstand decreases of up to 16% in revenue and increases of up to 22% in total costs. In conclusion, we can say that this project can contribute specialized knowledge in complex areas, generating employment, productive capacity, and significant profits for those interested in developing science- and technology-based ventures.
Description
Keywords
Planificación en los negocios, Industria Biotecnológica, Producción de biomoléculas, Planificación en los negocios, Modelo de negocios