Thesis ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE HORTALIZAS CON SISTEMAS DE CULTIVO TRADICIONALES Y SISTEMAS DE CULTIVOS HIDROPÓNICOS EN LAS REGIONES DE LA ZONA CENTRAL DE CHILE
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Date
2015-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA COMERCIAL. MAGÍSTER EN GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL-MBA
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
El siguiente estudio es del tipo Exploratorio a nivel Regional, el cual propone evaluar la
implementación de procesos de innovación en el área agrícola, específicamente en 5
alternativas de cultivo, 2 del tipo tradicional (riego por goteo, surco) y 3 del tipo
hidropónico (Película de Nutrientes NFT, Raíz Flotante y Sustratos con riesgo por goteo),
en invernaderos tipo “Túnel” para las hortalizas “Tomate” y “Lechuga”, para así determinar
cuál de las alternativas ofrece mayores beneficios económicos en un horizonte de 5 años.
Puesto que las alternativas corresponden a emprendimientos y dan solución a un problema
o dificultad, se utilizó el modelo “Lean Canvas”, dando énfasis a la “Innovación
Tecnológica” en las técnicas de cultivo por sistema de Hidroponía.
Para determinar los beneficios económicos de cada alternativa, se elaboraron los Flujos de
Caja para cada alternativa de hortaliza y técnica de cultivo, considerando para cada caso las
alternativas de “Proyecto Puro” y “Proyecto con Financiamiento” a través de una deuda
bancaria equivalente al 70% de la inversión inicial y el capital de trabajo. Posteriormente,
se compararon los resultados económicos utilizando técnicas de innovación versus técnicas
tradicionales y se obtuvo el VAN en cada comparación.
Al realizar el análisis de resultados económicos, se observó que la implementación de
procesos de innovación en todos los casos arrojó un beneficio por sobre las técnicas
tradicionales las cuales en promedio bordearon el 4% en el cultivo de lechugas y el 22% en
el cultivo de tomates, sin embargo, al omitir la inversión inicial para evaluar el impacto en
la operación del proyecto, no siempre se obtuvo un impacto positivo puesto que en el caso
del cultivo de lechugas resultó ser un 4% más costosa que las técnicas tradicionales, en el
caso del cultivo de tomates, se obtuvo un beneficio promedio del 18% ya que existen
factores inherentes al producto que no pueden ser perfeccionados a través de innovación.
Desde el punto de vista de los productos, se observó que una misma hortaliza presenta
diferente rentabilidad frente a las diferentes técnicas de cultivo y, frente a diferentes fuentes
de financiamiento, determinado que la alternativa que ofrece mayores beneficios desde el
punto de vista económico, es el cultivo de Tomates utilizando el sistema de cultivo
hidropónico mediante la técnica de Sustratos con Riego por Goteo”. La técnica de cultivo
por Hidroponía posee la ventaja de ofrecer producción constante sin depender de la
estación o condiciones climáticas además de lograr mayor rendimiento en menor superficie,
esto es, los procesos de innovación permitieron reducir el riesgo en la producción al
eliminar factores externos no controlables por el hombre (clima, sequía, entre otros).
Por último, se determinó que para potenciar los proyectos de innovación tecnológica en esta
área, no es suficiente sólo la inyección de fondos, sino que además, se requiere la
participación de todos los interesados (productores, estado, universidades y organismos de
investigación), incentivar la inversión en educación para la adquisición de nuevos
conocimientos y tecnologías, y potenciar el traspaso de conocimientos entre los diferentes
entes de los grupos de interés.
The following study is exploratory at regional level, which aims to assess the implementation of innovation processes in agriculture, specifically on 5 alternative crops, 2 traditional type (drip, furrow) and 3 of hydroponic type (NFT Nutrient film, Root Floating Substrates risk and drip) in greenhouses type "Tunnel" for vegetables "Tomato" and "lettuce", to determine which alternative offers greater economic benefits in a horizon of five years. Since alternatives correspond to enterprises and provide solutions to a problem or difficulty, the model "Lean Canvas" was used, emphasizing the "Technological Innovation" in cultivation techniques for hydroponics system. To determine the economic benefits of each alternative, the cash flows were developed for each alternative and vegetable cultivation technique, considering each case alternatives "Pure Project" and "Project with Financing" through bank debt equivalent to 70% of the initial investment and working capital. Subsequently, the economic results were compared using innovative techniques versus traditional techniques and the NPV was obtained in each comparison. In conducting the analysis of financial results, it was observed that the implementation of innovation processes in all cases showed a benefit over traditional techniques which bordered on average 4% in the cultivation of lettuce and 22% in farming tomatoes, however, the initial investment by failing to assess the impact on the operation of the project, not always a positive impact as in the case of lettuce crop turned out to be 4% more expensive than traditional techniques was obtained in the growing tomatoes case, an average benefit of 18% was obtained as the product there are inherent factors which can not be refined through innovation. From the point of view of the products, it was observed that the same vegetable has different return address different cultivation techniques and deal with different sources of financing, given that the alternative offered greater benefits from the economic point of view, is Tomato growing using hydroponics system using the technique of substrates with drip irrigation. " The culture technique for Hydroponics has the advantage of providing constant production without depending on the season or weather conditions and to achieve higher performance in smaller surface, that is, innovation processes helped to reduce the production risk by eliminating uncontrollable external factors Man (climate, drought, among others. Finally, it was determined that to enhance the technological innovation projects in this area, it is not enough only the injection of funds but also the participation of all stakeholders (producers, state, universities and research organizations) is required, encourage investment in education to acquire new knowledge and technologies, and promote the transfer of knowledge between the different entities of the stakeholders.
The following study is exploratory at regional level, which aims to assess the implementation of innovation processes in agriculture, specifically on 5 alternative crops, 2 traditional type (drip, furrow) and 3 of hydroponic type (NFT Nutrient film, Root Floating Substrates risk and drip) in greenhouses type "Tunnel" for vegetables "Tomato" and "lettuce", to determine which alternative offers greater economic benefits in a horizon of five years. Since alternatives correspond to enterprises and provide solutions to a problem or difficulty, the model "Lean Canvas" was used, emphasizing the "Technological Innovation" in cultivation techniques for hydroponics system. To determine the economic benefits of each alternative, the cash flows were developed for each alternative and vegetable cultivation technique, considering each case alternatives "Pure Project" and "Project with Financing" through bank debt equivalent to 70% of the initial investment and working capital. Subsequently, the economic results were compared using innovative techniques versus traditional techniques and the NPV was obtained in each comparison. In conducting the analysis of financial results, it was observed that the implementation of innovation processes in all cases showed a benefit over traditional techniques which bordered on average 4% in the cultivation of lettuce and 22% in farming tomatoes, however, the initial investment by failing to assess the impact on the operation of the project, not always a positive impact as in the case of lettuce crop turned out to be 4% more expensive than traditional techniques was obtained in the growing tomatoes case, an average benefit of 18% was obtained as the product there are inherent factors which can not be refined through innovation. From the point of view of the products, it was observed that the same vegetable has different return address different cultivation techniques and deal with different sources of financing, given that the alternative offered greater benefits from the economic point of view, is Tomato growing using hydroponics system using the technique of substrates with drip irrigation. " The culture technique for Hydroponics has the advantage of providing constant production without depending on the season or weather conditions and to achieve higher performance in smaller surface, that is, innovation processes helped to reduce the production risk by eliminating uncontrollable external factors Man (climate, drought, among others. Finally, it was determined that to enhance the technological innovation projects in this area, it is not enough only the injection of funds but also the participation of all stakeholders (producers, state, universities and research organizations) is required, encourage investment in education to acquire new knowledge and technologies, and promote the transfer of knowledge between the different entities of the stakeholders.
Description
Keywords
CULTIVO, HIDROPÓNICO