Thesis PROPUESTA DE PROGRAMA DE ARTICULACIÓN CURRICULAR PARA AUMENTAR LA PERCEPCIÓN POSITIVA DE LAS NIÑAS FRENTE A LA ELECCIÓN DE CARRERAS STEM
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Date
2017
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Campus Vitacura Santiago
Abstract
Los sistemas de evaluación de aprendizaje encargados de medir los resultados en las diferentesasignaturas, han demostrado brechas de rendimiento según el género de los estudiantes. Así, en las materiasde Matemática y Ciencias, los puntajes promedios obtenidos por los varones superan ampliamente al delas niñas, en especial en los cursos de Enseñanza Media. Al intentar analizar las causas, se observa que lasdiferencias de socialización actúan en desmedro del género femenino, afectando la confianza, afinidad, yseguridad que sienten las niñas para el aprendizaje de ciertas asignaturas. El problema, es que estos factoresno sólo se observan a nivel del sistema escolar, sino que también han influenciado directamente en la elecciónde carreras asociadas a la Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemática (STEM por su sigla en inglés).En este trabajo de memoria, se presentan las principales evidencias en las brechas de educación, losfactores que influyen en el rendimiento de las niñas y un análisis de la participación de la mujer en las carrerasde STEM, haciendo una comparación entre el caso de Estados Unidos y Chile. Posteriormente, se propone unprograma de articulación curricular con foco en STEM, para lograr aumentar la percepción positiva de lasniñas frente a la elección de carreras pertenecientes a dichas áreas.Para el diseño de la propuesta, se ha tomado como referencia los programas creados por EstadosUnidos y Canadá; sin embargo, la adaptación al contexto nacional se logra a través de las Bases Curricularesde Educación Básica que presenta el Mineduc. El programa propuesto, se caracteriza por un enfoque degénero que busca enfrentar a las alumnas a la construcción de un proyecto práctico de STEM, a partir delproceso de diseño de la ingeniería.Con el objetivo de realizar un seguimiento real al desarrollo de las competencias, y no convertirse enuna iniciativa aislada, el programa considera una alianza estratégica por un periodo de seis años (partiendo en1° Básico y terminando en 6° Básico), entre la Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María y el colegio endonde se quiera aplicar el programa. En un principio, esta alianza busca llegar a diez colegios, de los cualesla mitad son públicos y la otra mitad privados. El costo anual para llevarlo a cabo bordea los 10 millones depesos.A través de la aplicación del programa, se espera poder generar un impacto significativo en la confianzade las niñas y en la adquisición de las competencias que les permitan desenvolverse en las áreas científicas.De modo que a futuro, se logre aumentar el número de mujeres que opta por seguir una carrera asociada aSTEM y así potenciar la diversidad de género de las diferentes carreras.
The evaluation systems responsible for measuring the scores in the dierent subjects have shownperformance gaps related to the student’s genre. Thus, in the math and science areas, the average scoresobtained by the males far exceed those of the females, especially at the high school level. When tryingto analyze the cause, it appears that the social dierences play against the female gender, aecting theirconfidence, anity, and security that girls feel faced with certain subjects. The problem is that these factorsare not only observed at the high school level but have also directly influenced the choice of careers associatedwith Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) by female students.By making a comparison between the United States and Chile, this thesis addresses the main evidenceof the aforementioned gaps in education, the factors that infuence girls’ performance, and an analysis of theparticipation of women in STEM careers. In order to increase the positive perception of women when decidingto choose careers in these areas, a curricular program with focus on STEM is also proposed here.For the design of this proposal, the programs created in the United States and Canada have been usedas reference; however, the adaptation to bring it to the national context is achieved through the Basic EducationCurriculum presented by the Meniduc. The proposed program is characterized by a gender approach to STEMthat seeks to give girls a more practical project based on engineering design.For the purpose of performing a real monitoring of the developments concerning the girls’ competence,and not becoming an isolated initiative, the program considers a strategic alliance for a period of six years(starting in 1st grade and ending in 6th grade) between the Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María and theschool where the program will be implemented. At first, this alliance is planned for ten schools, half publicand half private. The annual cost would be 10 million pesos.Through the application of this program we expect to generate a significant impact on the girls’confidence and the acquisition of skills that will allow them to perform in scientific areas with the goalof increasing the number of women that will choose a STEM-related career and thus enhance the genderdiversity in the dierent careers.
The evaluation systems responsible for measuring the scores in the dierent subjects have shownperformance gaps related to the student’s genre. Thus, in the math and science areas, the average scoresobtained by the males far exceed those of the females, especially at the high school level. When tryingto analyze the cause, it appears that the social dierences play against the female gender, aecting theirconfidence, anity, and security that girls feel faced with certain subjects. The problem is that these factorsare not only observed at the high school level but have also directly influenced the choice of careers associatedwith Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) by female students.By making a comparison between the United States and Chile, this thesis addresses the main evidenceof the aforementioned gaps in education, the factors that infuence girls’ performance, and an analysis of theparticipation of women in STEM careers. In order to increase the positive perception of women when decidingto choose careers in these areas, a curricular program with focus on STEM is also proposed here.For the design of this proposal, the programs created in the United States and Canada have been usedas reference; however, the adaptation to bring it to the national context is achieved through the Basic EducationCurriculum presented by the Meniduc. The proposed program is characterized by a gender approach to STEMthat seeks to give girls a more practical project based on engineering design.For the purpose of performing a real monitoring of the developments concerning the girls’ competence,and not becoming an isolated initiative, the program considers a strategic alliance for a period of six years(starting in 1st grade and ending in 6th grade) between the Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María and theschool where the program will be implemented. At first, this alliance is planned for ten schools, half publicand half private. The annual cost would be 10 million pesos.Through the application of this program we expect to generate a significant impact on the girls’confidence and the acquisition of skills that will allow them to perform in scientific areas with the goalof increasing the number of women that will choose a STEM-related career and thus enhance the genderdiversity in the dierent careers.
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Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
BRECHAS DE GENERO, EDUCACION, STEM