Thesis Análisis del tratamiento de gases de la fundición Potrerillos, división Salvador Codelco
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Date
2019-04
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Metalúrgica
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
En el presente trabajo se evalúo la puesta en marcha de la primera etapa del proyecto “Mejoramiento Integral Captación y Procesamiento de Gases, Fundición Potrerillos”. El objetivo general de trabajo consistió en identificar interrelaciones operacionales que impidieron obtener los resultados esperados durante la puesta en marcha de dicho proyecto, además, determinar los factores que afectaron y redujeron la eficiencia del tratamiento de gases.
La planta de ácido de la Fundición Potrerillos tiene como objetivo capturar, limpiar, enfriar y convertir en producto final los gases provenientes de los procesos de fusión y conversión. El proceso comienza en las campanas primarias ubicadas en la boca de los hornos de fundición captando los gases en boca y finaliza con la producción de ácido sulfúrico producto del tratamiento de gases ricos en SO2. Durante el proceso, existe una serie de equipos como lo son: de limpieza, zona de contacto, almacenamiento y otros. La implementación de la primera etapa del proyecto contemplaba la captación del 91% de As y S y una concentración máxima 4500 ppm de SO2 por chimenea, esto para normalizar las emisiones a los parámetros normales que deben emitir plantas de ácido tipo simple contacto. Al finalizar el proyecto y durante la puesta en marcha del mismo se pudo constatar el no cumplimiento de las metas indicadas anteriormente, por esta razón en el presente estudio se busca determinar mediante un análisis en base a los datos operacionales registrados en el desarrollo del proyecto, posibles deficiencias que llevaron al no cumplimiento antes mencionado. Se realizo un análisis del cumplimiento de los parámetros de diseño del proyecto, una comparación de los parámetros de diseño con datos del año 2017 y un análisis del comportamiento de la planta de tratamiento de gases dependiendo de los hornos generadores de gases.
Como resultado se pudieron determinar varias deficiencias operacionales y en equipos pertenecientes a la planta de gases. Finalmente se realiza una serie de propuestas de mejora como lo son; la implementación de medidores de flujo y concentración de SO2 y O2 en los trenes de gases de MALIGAS para apoyar la operación, permitiendo respetar parámetros críticos para su tratamiento; agregar nueva instrumentación en la planta de ácido para que en caso de falla se pueda contar con medidores de respaldo; reparar medidores de diferencial de presión en los lechos del convertidor; reparar los Lavadores de Flujo Radial, equipo critico dentro de la limpieza de gases; cambiar el catalizador de todos los lechos del reactor catalítico, instalándolo de forma tal que se respetando la cantidad estipulada por diseño y parámetros correcto de carga de los mismos.
In the present work, the start-up of the first stage of the project "Integral Improvement of Gas Collection and Processing of the Potrerillos smelter" was evaluated. The general objective was to identify the operational interrelations that prevented to obtain the expected results of its implementation, in addition, to determine the factors that affected and decreased the gas treatment efficiency. The main goal of the Potrerillos smelter's gas treatment plant is to collect, clean and cool down the gasses from the fusion and conversion process in order to convert them in a final product. The process starts in the primary hoods that capture the gases in the furnaces mouth and ends with the production of sulfuric acid from gases rich in SO2, in between there is a series of cleaning equipment, contact area, storage, among others. The implementation of the first stage of the project expected to reach a 91% of As and S capture rate and a concentration of 4500 ppm of SO2 by the chimney as maximum, which is the normal rate for a simple contact plant. These goals weren’t achieved, so through an analysis based on the operational data registered, possible deficiencies that led to the non-compliance aforementioned were searched. An analysis of compliance of the project’s design parameters was made, along with a comparison of the design parameters with data from the year 2017 and an analysis of the behavior of the gas treatment plant depending on the furnaces that generate gas. Several operational and equipment deficiencies belonging to the gas plant were found. Based on this data, it was proposed to implement flow meters and concentration of SO2 and O2 in the in the gas handling and cleaning plant to support the operation, allowing to respect critical parameters for the treatment of gases. It was also proposed to add new instrumentation in the acid plant to have backup meters in case of failure, repair pressure differential gauges in the converter beds. Repair the radial flow washers, critical equipment within the gas cleaning. Change the catalyst of all the beds of the catalytic reactor, respecting the quantity stipulated by design and loading it in the correct way.
In the present work, the start-up of the first stage of the project "Integral Improvement of Gas Collection and Processing of the Potrerillos smelter" was evaluated. The general objective was to identify the operational interrelations that prevented to obtain the expected results of its implementation, in addition, to determine the factors that affected and decreased the gas treatment efficiency. The main goal of the Potrerillos smelter's gas treatment plant is to collect, clean and cool down the gasses from the fusion and conversion process in order to convert them in a final product. The process starts in the primary hoods that capture the gases in the furnaces mouth and ends with the production of sulfuric acid from gases rich in SO2, in between there is a series of cleaning equipment, contact area, storage, among others. The implementation of the first stage of the project expected to reach a 91% of As and S capture rate and a concentration of 4500 ppm of SO2 by the chimney as maximum, which is the normal rate for a simple contact plant. These goals weren’t achieved, so through an analysis based on the operational data registered, possible deficiencies that led to the non-compliance aforementioned were searched. An analysis of compliance of the project’s design parameters was made, along with a comparison of the design parameters with data from the year 2017 and an analysis of the behavior of the gas treatment plant depending on the furnaces that generate gas. Several operational and equipment deficiencies belonging to the gas plant were found. Based on this data, it was proposed to implement flow meters and concentration of SO2 and O2 in the in the gas handling and cleaning plant to support the operation, allowing to respect critical parameters for the treatment of gases. It was also proposed to add new instrumentation in the acid plant to have backup meters in case of failure, repair pressure differential gauges in the converter beds. Repair the radial flow washers, critical equipment within the gas cleaning. Change the catalyst of all the beds of the catalytic reactor, respecting the quantity stipulated by design and loading it in the correct way.
Description
Keywords
Eficiencia operacional, Detección de fallos, Liberación de contaminantes
