Thesis SISTEMA INTELIGENTE DE MONITOREO DE CONDICIONES OPERATIVAS EN UN PANEL SOLAR
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERÍA CIVIL ELECTRÓNICA
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El gran despliegue que experimentan las Energías Renovables No Convencionales
(ERNC) a nivel mundial, se manifiesta principalmente en el desarrollo de plantas
solares generadoras de energía eléctrica. Las superficies de gran tamaño requeridas
para este tipo de proyectos, traen como limitación no poder supervisar individualmente
cada uno de los paneles que componen una instalación fotovoltaica, considerando
que en algunos casos el número de paneles instalados, supera los cuatro millones de
unidades por planta.
El presente trabajo de título plantea como desafío, diseñar e implementar un sistema
de monitorización inteligente que pueda entregar información en tiempo real, sobre
las condiciones en que opera cada uno de los paneles que componen una estación
solar. Primero se realiza un estudio de las variables tanto eléctricas como ambientales
que tienen mayor incidencia en el funcionamiento de un panel, además se crean dos
métodos para medir factores de interés, tales como la obstrucción de luz solar y el
pandeo lateral, este último un fenómeno físico que curva la superficie de los paneles
llegando a producir daño significativo en su estructura. Para procesar todos los datos
que mide el sistema, se implementa un equipo de telemetría que transforma las señales
físicas que captan los sensores, en señales eléctricas equivalentes utilizando el microcontrolador
ARDUINO MEGA, posteriormente la información es enviada de forma
inalámbrica a una base de datos utilizando un módulo WiFi. La visualización remota
de las variables en estudio se realiza mediante una interfaz gráfica, esta muestra al
usuario en que estado están operando los paneles y advierte si existe algún tipo de
falla en el sistema.
Para concluir el trabajo, se analizan los resultados experimentales que entrega el
sistema y se comprueba el correcto funcionamiento de los algoritmos y métodos propuestos
para la detección de fallas.
The significant deployment that Non-Conventional Renewable Energies (NCRE) are experimenting on a global scale is mainly reflected in the development of solar energy power plants. The vast surfaces required for these types of projects involve the limitation of not being able to supervise each individual solar panel that compose a photovoltaic installation. This is particularly relevant considering that in some cases the number of installed panels can surpass the 4 million range. The objective of the current title work is the design and implementation of a system of smart monitoring that can deliver real time information about the operating conditions of each individual panel that form part of a solar station. First, a study of the electrical and environmental variables which have the most incidence in the functioning of a panel is made. Additionally, two methods are created to measure certain factors of interest, such as the level of obstruction of solar light and the lateral buckling, the latter being a physical phenomenon that curves the surface of the panels leading to a significant amount of damage. To process all the data that the system measures, a telemetry device is implemented which transforms the physical signals (captured by the sensors) into equivalent electrical signals utilizing the ARDUINO MEGA microcontroller. Posteriorly the information is sent wirelessly to a database using a Wi-Fi module. The visualization of the studied variables is done through a graphical interphase. This interphase shows the user the operating condition of each panel and if there is some kind of malfunction in the system. Finally, the experimental results that are produced by the system are analyzed, and the correct functioning of the algorithms and the proposed methods for the detection of malfunctions are verified.
The significant deployment that Non-Conventional Renewable Energies (NCRE) are experimenting on a global scale is mainly reflected in the development of solar energy power plants. The vast surfaces required for these types of projects involve the limitation of not being able to supervise each individual solar panel that compose a photovoltaic installation. This is particularly relevant considering that in some cases the number of installed panels can surpass the 4 million range. The objective of the current title work is the design and implementation of a system of smart monitoring that can deliver real time information about the operating conditions of each individual panel that form part of a solar station. First, a study of the electrical and environmental variables which have the most incidence in the functioning of a panel is made. Additionally, two methods are created to measure certain factors of interest, such as the level of obstruction of solar light and the lateral buckling, the latter being a physical phenomenon that curves the surface of the panels leading to a significant amount of damage. To process all the data that the system measures, a telemetry device is implemented which transforms the physical signals (captured by the sensors) into equivalent electrical signals utilizing the ARDUINO MEGA microcontroller. Posteriorly the information is sent wirelessly to a database using a Wi-Fi module. The visualization of the studied variables is done through a graphical interphase. This interphase shows the user the operating condition of each panel and if there is some kind of malfunction in the system. Finally, the experimental results that are produced by the system are analyzed, and the correct functioning of the algorithms and the proposed methods for the detection of malfunctions are verified.
Description
Keywords
PANEL SOLAR, TELEMETRIA, ENERGIA SOLAR, SISTEMA INTELIGENTE