Thesis Propuesta de implementación de taller de normas gráficas para aumentar la disponibilidad operacional de flota en una empresa de transporte urbano
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Date
2026-09
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Magíster en Gestión de Activos y Mantenimiento
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
El estudio se desarrolló durante el primer semestre del 2024, en una empresa del rubro transporte urbano, cuya operación depende de la disponibilidad de flota, la continuidad del servicio y el cumplimiento normativo. De una flota total de 750 buses, 250 unidades pasan mensualmente por certificación y se estima que un 10%, equivalente a 25 buses, queda temporalmente fuera de operación por incumplimientos de norma gráfica. La regularización se gestiona mediante un esquema externalizado, lo que extiende la detención promedio a 24 horas y afecta la programación operacional, los costos y la capacidad de respuesta. Para abordar esta problemática, se propuso implementar un Taller de Normas Gráficas en el terminal definido para el piloto, con la meta de internalizar el diseño, producción e instalación de señaléticas. La propuesta considera infraestructura, equipamiento gráfico, capacitación, controles operativos e inventario, buscando disminuir los tiempos de reposición, reducir la dependencia de proveedores externos y fortalecer el control interno del proceso. La tesina se desarrolló bajo enfoque PDCA, complementado con herramientas de calidad como Pareto, Ishikawa y 5 Por Qué. Su aplicación permitió identificar que el 51% de las observaciones se concentra en falta de stock y retrasos en la reposición, confirmando que la principal brecha está en el modelo de abastecimiento vigente. La propuesta proyectó reducir el tiempo de reposición desde 24 a 4 horas, recuperar 500 horas-bus mensuales y generar un ahorro directo estimado de 11,8% respecto del costo mensual externalizado. La evaluación económica, bajo el escenario base, consideró(...).
The study was conducted during the first semester of 2024 in a company operating in the urban transport sector, whose operation depends on fleet availability, service continuity, and regulatory compliance. Out of a total fleet of 750 buses, 250 units undergo monthly certification, and it is estimated that 10%, equivalent to 25 buses, are temporarily taken out of operation due to non-compliance with graphic standards. The regularization process is managed through an outsourced scheme, which extends the average downtime to 24 hours and affects operational scheduling, costs, and response capacity. To address this issue, the implementation of a Graphic Standards Workshop was proposed at the terminal selected for the pilot, with the objective of internalizing the design, production, and installation of signage. The proposal considers infrastructure, graphic equipment, training, operational controls, and inventory management, aiming to reduce replacement times, decrease dependence on external suppliers, and strengthen internal control over the process. The thesis was developed under a PDCA approach, complemented by quality tools such as Pareto analysis, Ishikawa diagram, and the 5 Whys method. Its application made it possible to identify that 51% of the observations are concentrated in lack of stock and delays in replacement, confirming that the main gap lies in the current supply model. The proposal projected a reduction in replacement time from 24 to 4 hours, the recovery of 500 bus-hours per month, and an estimated direct saving of 11.8% compared to the monthly outsourced cost. The economic evaluation considered(...).
The study was conducted during the first semester of 2024 in a company operating in the urban transport sector, whose operation depends on fleet availability, service continuity, and regulatory compliance. Out of a total fleet of 750 buses, 250 units undergo monthly certification, and it is estimated that 10%, equivalent to 25 buses, are temporarily taken out of operation due to non-compliance with graphic standards. The regularization process is managed through an outsourced scheme, which extends the average downtime to 24 hours and affects operational scheduling, costs, and response capacity. To address this issue, the implementation of a Graphic Standards Workshop was proposed at the terminal selected for the pilot, with the objective of internalizing the design, production, and installation of signage. The proposal considers infrastructure, graphic equipment, training, operational controls, and inventory management, aiming to reduce replacement times, decrease dependence on external suppliers, and strengthen internal control over the process. The thesis was developed under a PDCA approach, complemented by quality tools such as Pareto analysis, Ishikawa diagram, and the 5 Whys method. Its application made it possible to identify that 51% of the observations are concentrated in lack of stock and delays in replacement, confirming that the main gap lies in the current supply model. The proposal projected a reduction in replacement time from 24 to 4 hours, the recovery of 500 bus-hours per month, and an estimated direct saving of 11.8% compared to the monthly outsourced cost. The economic evaluation considered(...).
Description
Keywords
Gestión de activos, Disponibilidad operacional, Transporte urbano, Mantenimiento de flota, Normas gráficas, Evaluación económica
