Thesis PRESIONES DE VAPOR Y ENTALPÍAS DE VAPORIZACIÓN DE ÉSTERES PRESENTES EN EL AROMA DE EXTRACTOS FRESCOS DE MANZANA Y UVA
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Date
2018
Journal Title
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Campus
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El mercado del jugo de manzana y uva en Chile ha mostrado tener un alza en las exportaciones a través de los años. A pesar de esto, los productos comercializados corresponden a extractos sin mayor procesamiento, los cuales han perdido una cantidad significativa de los compuestos volátiles que entregan el aroma característico de la fruta. Los procesos de recuperación de aromas requieren de información termodinámica confiable y precisa para el diseño conceptual de los equipos, la cual es escasa y no siempre se encuentra disponible. Bajo esta mirada, es que se identifica la oportunidad de aportar a la literatura, a través de información experimental de presión de vapor, modelos para correlacionar los datos y la estimación de entalpías de vaporización.El presente trabajo de tesis entrega datos nuevos y presentes en la literatura, de presión de vapor para los compuestos de aroma de manzana, etilbutirato y etilhexanoato, en conjunto con información en la literatura para etil-2-metilbutirato, hexanal y (E)-2-hexenal. Para los compuestos de aroma de uva, bencil acetato y hexil acetato, se entregan datos experimentales nuevos y presentes en la literatura. Todos los compuestos de los que se entrega información nueva, son correlacionados por los modelos de Antoine, Antoine Extendido, Wagner “3, 6” y Wagner “2.5, 5”. Las entalpías de vaporización son estimadas a partir de los datos de presión de vapor, utilizando tres métodos para evaluar el factor de compresibilidad, condición ideal, ecuación de estado de Peng-Robinson, y la ecuación de estado Virial más una correlación apropiada de volumen de líquido saturado.La medición experimental entrega información en un rango de 15 a 105 kPa para todos los compuestos, excepto para el bencil acetato, el cual es medido entre 15 y 53 kPa. Los modelos de mejor ajuste fueron Wagner en sus dos versiones para los aromas de manzana, y Antoine para los aromas de uva. La estimación de entalpías de vaporización, presenta resultados para los aromas de manzana en un rango de 30 kJ/mol a 40 kJ/mol, con una incertidumbre combinada expandida menor a 0.032 kJ/mol. Respecto a los aromas de uva, la entalpía de vaporización se encuentra entre 40 kJ/mol a 50 kJ/mol, con una incertidumbre combinada expandida menor al 0.022 kJ/mol.
The Chilean exportation of apple and grape juice has shown an increasing tendency over the years. Despite, the commercialized products are minimally processed, which have lost a high amount of volatiles responsible of fruit aroma. The recovery processes of the fruit aroma from the fresh extract require reliable and precise information of pure substances properties for the equipments design, which is scarce and is not always available. In this line, there is an opportunity to contribute with information, such as vapor pressure measurement, models to correlate the data and the estimation of enthalpy of vaporization.This work contributes with new and current information for vapor pressure of apple aroma compounds, ethyl butyrate and ethyl hexanoate, along with current information of ethyl-2-methylbutyrate, hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal. New and current information is also reported for grape aroma compounds, benzyl acetate and hexyl acetate. The new information is correlated using Antoine equation, Extended Antoine equation, Wagner “3, 6” and Wagner “2.5, 5” equation. The enthalpies of vaporization are estimated from vapor pressure data, considering three cases in function of the method of determination of change in compressibility factor, ideal condition, by the Equation of State of Peng-Robinson, and by the Virial Equation of State for the vapor compressibility factor plus an appropriated empiric correlation for the saturated liquid compressibility factor.The experimental measures report information in a range of 15 to 105 kPa for all compounds, except for benzyl acetate, which is measured between 15 and 53 kPa. The best fit models are Wagner in its two version for apple aromas, and Antoine for grape aromas.The estimation of enthalpies of vaporization, presents results for apple aroma compounds in the range of 30 kJ/mol to 40 kJ/mol, with a value less than 0.032 kJ/mol for the combined expanded uncertainty. Regarding grape aromas, the enthalpy of vaporization is between 40 kJ/mol to 50 kJ/mol, with a combined expanded uncertainty value less than 0.022 kJ/mol.
The Chilean exportation of apple and grape juice has shown an increasing tendency over the years. Despite, the commercialized products are minimally processed, which have lost a high amount of volatiles responsible of fruit aroma. The recovery processes of the fruit aroma from the fresh extract require reliable and precise information of pure substances properties for the equipments design, which is scarce and is not always available. In this line, there is an opportunity to contribute with information, such as vapor pressure measurement, models to correlate the data and the estimation of enthalpy of vaporization.This work contributes with new and current information for vapor pressure of apple aroma compounds, ethyl butyrate and ethyl hexanoate, along with current information of ethyl-2-methylbutyrate, hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal. New and current information is also reported for grape aroma compounds, benzyl acetate and hexyl acetate. The new information is correlated using Antoine equation, Extended Antoine equation, Wagner “3, 6” and Wagner “2.5, 5” equation. The enthalpies of vaporization are estimated from vapor pressure data, considering three cases in function of the method of determination of change in compressibility factor, ideal condition, by the Equation of State of Peng-Robinson, and by the Virial Equation of State for the vapor compressibility factor plus an appropriated empiric correlation for the saturated liquid compressibility factor.The experimental measures report information in a range of 15 to 105 kPa for all compounds, except for benzyl acetate, which is measured between 15 and 53 kPa. The best fit models are Wagner in its two version for apple aromas, and Antoine for grape aromas.The estimation of enthalpies of vaporization, presents results for apple aroma compounds in the range of 30 kJ/mol to 40 kJ/mol, with a value less than 0.032 kJ/mol for the combined expanded uncertainty. Regarding grape aromas, the enthalpy of vaporization is between 40 kJ/mol to 50 kJ/mol, with a combined expanded uncertainty value less than 0.022 kJ/mol.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ENTALPIA DE VAPORIZACION, ESTERES, EXTRACTO DE MANZANA, EXTRACTO DE UVA, PRESION DE VAPOR