Thesis EVALUACIÓN DE PROYECTO SOBRE LA PRODUCCIÓN STEVIA COMO EDULCORANTE EN CHILE.
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Date
2010-10
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INDUSTRIAS. INGENIERÍA CIVIL INDUSTRIAL
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
El presente estudio se realizó con el objeto se evaluar la oportunidad de negocio de Stevia como edulcorante en Chile. Se realizó un estudio simple de las necesidades de la planta y su potencial desarrollo en la zona, luego se evaluó técnicamente la posibilidad de emplazar una planta de producción de edulcorante, para concluir con un estudio económico para evaluar la factibilidad de la planta de producción como negocio. La Stevia se descubre en Paraguay, por los científicos Moisés Bertoni y Ovidio Rebaudi, esto explica su nombre, Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni. Los aborígenes la usaban para endulzar sus bebidas, además de darle un uso medicinal. En el último tiempo la salud y el cuidado personal han tomado mucha importancia, por lo que se observa una oportunidad de negocio asociado a las propiedades naturales de esta planta, cuyo edulcorante es 300 veces más dulce que el azúcar y no tiene calorías. Se investigó sobre el mercado actual de la Stevia, donde la mayor participación del mercado la tiene China con un 50%, luego le sigue Japón con un 40%. Japón fue el precursor en el uso de Stevia como edulcorante, con 30 años de investigación y desarrollo. Recientemente se han abierto los mercados de EE.UU. y Europa, luego que las autoridades de salud y alimentos levantaran las restricciones a este producto. El potencial de estos mercados es muy importante, por lo que el mercado de la Stevia como edulcorante en el mundo recién se está dando a conocer. Actualmente el precio de venta de la Rebaudiana A(Reb. A.) es de $300 USD/kg. pero un reciente estudio de la consultora LMC International, señala que si la Reb. A tiene un comportamiento parecido a lo que fue el del aspartamo, debería bajar drásticamente su precio hasta estabilizarse en unos 32 USD el 2030. Debido a este estudio se asumió como posible escenario, evaluando económicamente según precios proyectados por esta empresa. Se investigó sobre la producción del edulcorante a partir de Stevia, así como de las diferentes técnicas y métodos existentes para la extracción de los componentes “dulces” de la planta. Se eligió el método Kutowy, por usar el agua como principal solvente, dándole al producto final una propiedad más natural. El componente “dulce” elegido para vender es la Rebaudiana A o Reb. A, debido a que los mercados de EE.UU. y Europa lo eligieron como el edulcorante de Stevia permitido, exigiendo una pureza del 97%.La planta de producción se emplazó en la cuarta región de Coquimbo, debido a la cercanía a la zona de plantación de Stevia y acceso a servicios y carreteras. Las inversiones en los equipos y construcción de la planta de producción alcanzarían un total de $ 5.806.253 USD, monto que incluiría el capital de trabajo por 4 meses. El financiamiento será del 80% sobre la inversión, un interés del 7% y un crédito a 10 años, con sistema de cuotas iguales. La tasa de descuento se estableció en un 12%.La evaluación económica según la inversión, costos fijos y variables, insumos y amortización del crédito, arroja un VAN positivo igual a $ 14.937.266 USD, con una TIR del orden de 378%, muy superior a la tasa de descuento. Es importante decir que las sensibilizaciones nos indican que una baja de un 46% sobre el precio de venta de la Reb. A para cada período el VAN se hace cero. Además un alza de 146% sobre el precio de compra de la hoja de Stevia, también llevaría consigo que el VAN sea cero. Esto representa que la inversión rentaría lo mismo que la tasa de descuento, siendo el proyecto indiferente para el inversionista. Como conclusión general, se puede decir que la Stevia como edulcorante esta abriéndose al mundo, si bien es cierto que en Japón lleva 30 años su desarrollo, los mercados de EE.UU. y Europa recién se están abriendo, aumentando las expectativas en este negocio. La evaluación económica indica una buena oportunidad de negocio, con proyecciones no solo en el plano de la industria alimenticia, sino también en el de la salud.
This study was conducted to evaluate the business opportunity of Steviaas a sweetener in Chile. A study was conducted on the needs of the plant and its potential development in the area, then technically evaluated the possibility of deploying a production of sweetener, to conclude with an economic study to assess the feasibility of the production plant as business.Steviawas discovered in Paraguay, by Moisés Bertoni and Ovidio Rebaudi, both scientists, this explains its name, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Aborigines used it to sweeten their drinks, besides giving a medicinal use.In recent times the health and personal care have become increasingly important, so that was a business opportunity associated with the natural properties of this plant,which is 300 times sweeter than sugar and has no calories.Was investigated the current market for Stevia, where the largest share of the market is China with 50%, then followed by Japan with 40%. Japan was the pioneer in the use of Steviaas a sweetener, with 30 years of research and development.Recently opened U.S. and Europe marketsafterthe health and food authorities lifted restrictions on this product. The potential of these markets is very important, so that the market of Steviaas a sweetener in the world is only now making itself known.The current price of the Reb. A is $ 300 USD/kg. but a recent study by consultancy LMC International, said that if the Reb. A behavior is similar to what was the aspartame, should lower the price drastically to stabilize at $ 32 USD in 2030. Because this study, was assumed as a possible scenario for theeconomic evaluations according to the prices projected by the company.The production of sweeteners from Steviawas investigated, as well as different techniques and methods for the extraction of “sweets” components of the plant. Kutowy method was chosen, because they use water as primary solvent, giving the final product a more natural property. The "sweet"component chosen to sell is Rebaudiana A or Reb. A, because U.S. and Europe markets chose it as the Steviasweetener allowed, requiring a purity of 97%.The production facility was placed in the fourth region of Coquimbo, due to its proximity to the planting area of Steviaand access to services and roads.Investments in equipment and construction of the plant would total $ 5,806,253 USD, which would include the capital amount of work for 4 months.Funding will be 80% of investment, an interest rate of 7% and a 10-year loan with equal payments system. The discount rate was set at 12%.Economic evaluation according to the investment, fixed costs and variable inputs and redemption, shows a positive NPV equal to $ 14,937,266 USD, with an IRR of about 378%, well above the discount rate.It is important to note that the sensitivities indicate that a decrease of 46% on the selling price of the Reb. Ain each period the NPV is zero. In addition an increase of 146% of the purchase price of Stevialeaf, also lead to the NPV is zero. It means that the investment would rent the same as the discount rate, being indifferent to the project investor.As a general conclusion can say that Steviaas a sweetener is open to the world, although it is true that Japan has 30 years of development, the U.S. and Europe markets are recently open, raising expectations in this business. The economic evaluation indicates a very important business opportunity, with projections not only in terms of the food industry, but also in health.
This study was conducted to evaluate the business opportunity of Steviaas a sweetener in Chile. A study was conducted on the needs of the plant and its potential development in the area, then technically evaluated the possibility of deploying a production of sweetener, to conclude with an economic study to assess the feasibility of the production plant as business.Steviawas discovered in Paraguay, by Moisés Bertoni and Ovidio Rebaudi, both scientists, this explains its name, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Aborigines used it to sweeten their drinks, besides giving a medicinal use.In recent times the health and personal care have become increasingly important, so that was a business opportunity associated with the natural properties of this plant,which is 300 times sweeter than sugar and has no calories.Was investigated the current market for Stevia, where the largest share of the market is China with 50%, then followed by Japan with 40%. Japan was the pioneer in the use of Steviaas a sweetener, with 30 years of research and development.Recently opened U.S. and Europe marketsafterthe health and food authorities lifted restrictions on this product. The potential of these markets is very important, so that the market of Steviaas a sweetener in the world is only now making itself known.The current price of the Reb. A is $ 300 USD/kg. but a recent study by consultancy LMC International, said that if the Reb. A behavior is similar to what was the aspartame, should lower the price drastically to stabilize at $ 32 USD in 2030. Because this study, was assumed as a possible scenario for theeconomic evaluations according to the prices projected by the company.The production of sweeteners from Steviawas investigated, as well as different techniques and methods for the extraction of “sweets” components of the plant. Kutowy method was chosen, because they use water as primary solvent, giving the final product a more natural property. The "sweet"component chosen to sell is Rebaudiana A or Reb. A, because U.S. and Europe markets chose it as the Steviasweetener allowed, requiring a purity of 97%.The production facility was placed in the fourth region of Coquimbo, due to its proximity to the planting area of Steviaand access to services and roads.Investments in equipment and construction of the plant would total $ 5,806,253 USD, which would include the capital amount of work for 4 months.Funding will be 80% of investment, an interest rate of 7% and a 10-year loan with equal payments system. The discount rate was set at 12%.Economic evaluation according to the investment, fixed costs and variable inputs and redemption, shows a positive NPV equal to $ 14,937,266 USD, with an IRR of about 378%, well above the discount rate.It is important to note that the sensitivities indicate that a decrease of 46% on the selling price of the Reb. Ain each period the NPV is zero. In addition an increase of 146% of the purchase price of Stevialeaf, also lead to the NPV is zero. It means that the investment would rent the same as the discount rate, being indifferent to the project investor.As a general conclusion can say that Steviaas a sweetener is open to the world, although it is true that Japan has 30 years of development, the U.S. and Europe markets are recently open, raising expectations in this business. The economic evaluation indicates a very important business opportunity, with projections not only in terms of the food industry, but also in health.
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Keywords
EVALUACIÓN DE PROYECTOS, ALIMENTOS DIETÉTICOS