Thesis ESTUDIO MEJORA EN LA CERTIFICACIÓN ENERGÉTICA DE VIVIENDAS ENMARCADAS EN EL ÁREA DE REGENERACIÓN HABITACIONAL DEL "PLAN INTEGRAL BAJOS DE MENA
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Date
2017
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERIA CIVIL INDUSTRIAL
Campus
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Campus Vitacura Santiago
Abstract
La investigación mostrada a continuación busca analizar y evaluar el impacto, tanto económicocomo social, de acondicionar térmicamente viviendas del sector de Bajos de Mena, con el fin de orientarlas estrategias de políticas públicas de la Intendencia Metropolitana de Chile, y mejorar sustancialmente lacalidad de vida de los habitantes de la comuna. Así mismo, la investigación fue llevada a cabo en el barrio deBajos de Mena, ubicada al sur de la comuna de Puente alto, Chile, y la cual cuenta con una población flotantede aproximadamente 125.000 habitantes de acuerdos a datos entregados por la Intendencia Metropolitana deChile. El sector es considerado como uno de los más pobres de Santiago y con altas tasas de segregaciónsocial y vulnerabilidad. Además de lo anterior, la zona es prioridad en cuanto a inversiones de gobierno altratarse de un barrio de alta complejidad. El estudio y análisis del problema se centra principalmente enel punto de regeneración y mejoramiento habitacional del “Plan Integral Bajos de Mena”, llevado a cabopor la Intendencia Metropolitana dentro del sector a partir del año 2012. Antes de entrar en marcha dichoplan, en la zona existía un déficit habitacional cercano a las 13.000 viviendas, las cuales no cumplían con lasexigencias térmicas mínimas estipuladas por ley. Con la puesta en marcha del Plan Integral Bajos de Mena,se inyectaron 3 nuevos proyectos habitacionales, los cuales solo cumplen con el mínimo exigido por ley encuanto a certificación térmica (calificación E), y no dieron abasto para cubrir el amplio déficit habitacional.A partir de lo anterior, se justifica la inyección de un nuevo proyecto inmobiliario con viviendas conun desempeño superior en cuanto a eficiencia energética. De esta forma, se analizó la posible ubicación deeste nuevo conjunto, llegando a la conclusión de ubicarlo al lado del ex parque la Cañamera, actual parqueJuan Pablo II. De acuerdo a las dimensiones de la zona, el proyecto albergaría un total de 547 viviendas.Para el estudio del tipo de calificación energética de la vivienda de este nuevo conjunto, se toma comobase las viviendas del conjunto “Jesús de Nazareth”, ubicado en Bajos de Mena, y con una calificación E.Dentro de la investigación se plantearon dos posibles escenario, considerando la relación mejora-inversión,en donde el primer escenario correspondían a viviendas con calificación C y el segundo escenario viviendascon calificación B.Considerando el enfoque del estudio, para temas de evaluación económica se plantearon dos métodospara brindar de mayor información a la toma de decisión. El primero basando en ahorros en temas decalefacción, el cual, a pesar de dar retornos muy buenos dentro del periodo de evaluación, fue descartado al noajustarse a la realidad socioeconómica del sector de estudio. El segundo método se basó en precios sociales, ybuscaba cuantificar monetariamente los ahorros en salud producto de una disminución en las enfermedadesrespiratorias asociadas a las condiciones térmicas de la vivienda. Tomando un horizonte de 20 años, ambosescenarios entregaban un Van social positivo, con un payback de 11 y 18 años, para los escenarios 1 y 2respectivamente.Finalmente, para corroborar la hipótesis de que aumentos en la eficiencia térmicas de las viviendas deBajos de Mena se traduce efectivamente en mejoras en la calidad de vida de sus habitantes, se realizó unaevaluación Multicriterio. Se fijaron 3 criterios: social, salud y medio ambiente y confort térmico, y en donde,de acuerdo a los datos brindados por la intendencia metropolitana, el indicador de mayor ponderación fueel social. Con el análisis del juicio de experto de cada criterio y subcriterio, y la posterior calificación delcoordinador del Plan Integral Bajos de Mena, se obtuvo la ponderación final de cada alternativa, en donde elescenario 1 obtuvo un ISAP de 2,90 [UF] y el escenario 2 un valor de 5,92 [UF]. De esta manera, a partir de lainvestigación realizada se estableció redirigir los planes de inversión en cuanto a mejoramiento habitacionaldel Plan integral Bajos de Mena en busca de la inyección de un nuevo conjunto habitacional con viviendascon calificación C en cuanto a eficiencia energética, ya que se corrobora que este nuevo proyecto no soloreducirá el déficit habitacional actual, sino que también traerá mejoras sustanciales en reducir los índices desegregación social del sector.
The following investigation aims at analyzing and evaluating the economic and social impact ofinsulating homes in the Bajos de Mena section, with the end result being able to guide public policy strategiesfor the Intendencia Metropolitana of Chile, to then in turn be able to improve quality of life for residents ofsaid community.This investigation took place in the Bajos de Mena neighborhood, located to the south of the PuenteAlto Community in Chile, and is made up a floating population of 125,000 residents according to recordssubmitted by the Intendencia Metropolitana of Chile. This section is considered to be one of the poorest inSantiago, with a high rate of social segregation and vulnerability. In addition, this area is considered highpriority for governmental investments in terms of dealing with such a highly complex neighborhood. Thisstudy and analysis of the problem focuses primarily on the area of regrowth and housing improvement of the“Plan Integral Bajos de Mena” conducted by the Intendencia Metropolitana within this sector starting in 2012.Before embarking on said plan, the zone consisted of housing deficit of near 13,000 houses, of which did notmeet the insulation requirements required by law. With the launch of the Plan Integral Bajos de Mena, 3 newhousing projects were erected, of which only meet the minimum requirement by law in terms of insulationgrade (E grade), and were not enough to to decrease the existing housing deficit.Considering the above mentioned, it is justifiable to erect a new housing project consisting of better performancein terms of energy eciency. With this in mind, a possible location was analyzed for this newensemble, concluding that it should be placed next to the former Cañamera park, the current Juan Pablo IIpark. According the the dimensions of the area, the project would hold 547 homes. To study the type ofeciency grade of these new dwellings, a dwelling from the “Jesús de Nazareth”, housing project locatedat Bajos de Mena, with an E level insulation grade, was used as a baseline. Within the investigation, twoscenarios were presented, considering the improving-inversion relation, in which the first scenario related tograde C dwellings, and the second scenario with Grade B dwellings.Regarding the focus of the research, for economic evaluation issues, two methods were studied in orderto be more informed when it comes to decision-making. The first one was based on savings consideringheating issues, which despite of giving good returns in the evaluation period it was discarded because it didnot adjust to the socioeconomic reality of the studied sector. The second method was based on social pricesand aimed to quantify monetarily health savings due to a decrease in respiratory diseases that are associatedwith insulating homes. Considering a 20 years horizon, both scenarios delivered a positive Van, with paybackof 11 and 18, for scenarios 1 and 2 respectively.In order to verify the hypothesis that improvements in thermal heating of Bajo de Mena sector will effectivelyimprove the quality of life of its residents, an evaluation was carried out with three dierent criteria:social, health, and environment and thermal comfort. According to the data provided by Intendencia Metropolitanaof Chile the highest indicator was seen in the social criteria. With the expert judgement of eachcriterion and subcriteria, and the final qualification of the coordinator of the Plan Integral Bajos de Mena,final results were obtained. The first scenario had an ISAP of 2,90 [UF] and the second one of 5,92 [UF].Based on the research that was carried out, the decision relies on redirecting the investment plans for housingimprovement of the Plan integral Bajo de Mena, to insert a new housing complex with C rated housing interms of energy eciency. This confirms that the new project will not only reduce the housing deficit, butwill also have substantial improvement in reducing the sector social segregation rates.
The following investigation aims at analyzing and evaluating the economic and social impact ofinsulating homes in the Bajos de Mena section, with the end result being able to guide public policy strategiesfor the Intendencia Metropolitana of Chile, to then in turn be able to improve quality of life for residents ofsaid community.This investigation took place in the Bajos de Mena neighborhood, located to the south of the PuenteAlto Community in Chile, and is made up a floating population of 125,000 residents according to recordssubmitted by the Intendencia Metropolitana of Chile. This section is considered to be one of the poorest inSantiago, with a high rate of social segregation and vulnerability. In addition, this area is considered highpriority for governmental investments in terms of dealing with such a highly complex neighborhood. Thisstudy and analysis of the problem focuses primarily on the area of regrowth and housing improvement of the“Plan Integral Bajos de Mena” conducted by the Intendencia Metropolitana within this sector starting in 2012.Before embarking on said plan, the zone consisted of housing deficit of near 13,000 houses, of which did notmeet the insulation requirements required by law. With the launch of the Plan Integral Bajos de Mena, 3 newhousing projects were erected, of which only meet the minimum requirement by law in terms of insulationgrade (E grade), and were not enough to to decrease the existing housing deficit.Considering the above mentioned, it is justifiable to erect a new housing project consisting of better performancein terms of energy eciency. With this in mind, a possible location was analyzed for this newensemble, concluding that it should be placed next to the former Cañamera park, the current Juan Pablo IIpark. According the the dimensions of the area, the project would hold 547 homes. To study the type ofeciency grade of these new dwellings, a dwelling from the “Jesús de Nazareth”, housing project locatedat Bajos de Mena, with an E level insulation grade, was used as a baseline. Within the investigation, twoscenarios were presented, considering the improving-inversion relation, in which the first scenario related tograde C dwellings, and the second scenario with Grade B dwellings.Regarding the focus of the research, for economic evaluation issues, two methods were studied in orderto be more informed when it comes to decision-making. The first one was based on savings consideringheating issues, which despite of giving good returns in the evaluation period it was discarded because it didnot adjust to the socioeconomic reality of the studied sector. The second method was based on social pricesand aimed to quantify monetarily health savings due to a decrease in respiratory diseases that are associatedwith insulating homes. Considering a 20 years horizon, both scenarios delivered a positive Van, with paybackof 11 and 18, for scenarios 1 and 2 respectively.In order to verify the hypothesis that improvements in thermal heating of Bajo de Mena sector will effectivelyimprove the quality of life of its residents, an evaluation was carried out with three dierent criteria:social, health, and environment and thermal comfort. According to the data provided by Intendencia Metropolitanaof Chile the highest indicator was seen in the social criteria. With the expert judgement of eachcriterion and subcriteria, and the final qualification of the coordinator of the Plan Integral Bajos de Mena,final results were obtained. The first scenario had an ISAP of 2,90 [UF] and the second one of 5,92 [UF].Based on the research that was carried out, the decision relies on redirecting the investment plans for housingimprovement of the Plan integral Bajo de Mena, to insert a new housing complex with C rated housing interms of energy eciency. This confirms that the new project will not only reduce the housing deficit, butwill also have substantial improvement in reducing the sector social segregation rates.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
BAJOS DE MENA, CERTIFICACION ENERGETICA, ESTUDIO DE MEJORA, PLAN INTEGRAL, REGENERACION HABITACIONAL